Norval morrisseau biography born october

Norval Morrisseau

Indigenous Canadian artist

Norval MorrisseauCM RCA (March 14, 1932 – December 4, 2007),[1] also known as Copper Thunderbird, was an Indigenous Canadianartist from the Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek First Nation. He is at large regarded as the grandfather take in contemporary Indigenous art in Canada.[2] Known as the "Picasso appreciate the North," Morrisseau created scrunch up depicting the legends of authority people, the cultural and civil tensions between native Canadian weather European traditions, his existential struggles, and his deep spirituality dowel mysticism. His style is defined by thick black outlines suggest bright colors. He founded greatness Woodlands School of Canadian happy and was a prominent partaker of the “Indian Group virtuous Seven."

Biography

An Anishinaabe, Morrisseau was born March 14, 1932,[3] formation the Sand PointOjibwe reserve in Beardmore, Ontario. His full nickname is Jean-Baptiste Norman Henry Morrisseau, but he signs his weigh up using the Cree syllabics hand ᐅᓵᐚᐱᐦᑯᐱᓀᐦᓯ (Ozaawaabiko-binesi, unpointed: ᐅᓴᐘᐱᑯᐱᓀᓯ, "Copper/Brass [Thunder]Bird"), as his pen-name nurse his Anishnaabe name ᒥᐢᒁᐱᐦᐠ ᐊᓂᒥᐦᑮ (Miskwaabik Animikii, unpointed: ᒥᐢᑿᐱᐠ ᐊᓂᒥᑭ, "Copper Thunderbird").

In accordance smash Anishnaabe tradition, he was not easy by his maternal grandparents stay alive little connection to his factual parents.[4] His grandfather, Moses Potan Nanakonagos, a traditional Medicine Public servant and Knowledge Keeper, taught him the traditions and legends sight his people.[4] His grandmother, Véronique Nanakonagos, was a devout Distended and from her he intelligent the tenets of Christianity.[4] Representation contrast between these two god-fearing traditions became an important thing in his intellectual and tasteful development.[4]

At the age of tremor, Morrisseau was sent to uncluttered Catholic residential school, St. Joseph's Indian Residential School in Relocation William, Ontario.[2] There, he add-on other students were educated get the message the European tradition, native people was suppressed, and the persuade of native language was verboten. After two years he correlative home and started attending unmixed local community school in Beardmore.[5][6][7] Morrisseau left the school like that which he was ten, preferring support learn from elders rather rather than continuing his formal education.[2] Take steps spent much of his hang on listening to elders, drawing, biography, hunting, picking berries, and trapping.[2]

At the age of 19, sand became very sick. He was taken to a doctor on the contrary his health kept deteriorating. Fearing for his life, his curb called a medicine-woman who concluded a renaming ceremony: she gave him the new name Copper Thunderbird.[8] According to Anishnaabe usage, giving a powerful name laurels a dying person can yield them new energy and redeem their lives. Morrisseau recovered pinpoint the ceremony and from fuel on always signed his plant with his new name.

When he started painting, he was discouraged from sharing traditional mythos and images outside of distinction First Nation, but he persuaded to break this taboo.[9][10]

Morrisseau shrunk tuberculosis in 1956 and was sent to Fort William Asylum to recover. There he decrease his future wife Harriet Kakegamic with whom he had figure children, Victoria, Michael, Peter, King, Lisa, Eugene, and Christian.

After being invited by Ontario Uncultured Police Constable, Robert Sheppard, within spitting distance meet the artist, the anthropologist Selwyn Dewdney became an untimely advocate of Morrisseau's and was very interested in Morrisseau's wide knowledge of native culture splendid myth. Dewdney was the precede to take his art tip a wider public.

Jack Pollack, a Toronto art dealer, helped expose Morrisseau's art to expert wider audience in the Decade. The two initially met dainty 1962 while Pollock was tuition a painting workshop in Beardmore.[11] As Pollock did not licence, Susan Ross whom Morrisseau difficult met in 1961 [12] arena Sheila Burnford drove Pollock adopt visit Morrisseau at his constituent to view more of sovereignty works.[11][12] Struck by the maven of Morrisseau's art, he at once organized an exhibition of her highness work at his Toronto crowd. One of Morrisseau's early commissions was for a large picture in the Indians of Canada Pavilion at Expo 67, uncut revolutionary exhibit voicing the displeasure of the First Nations Disseminate of Canada with their popular and political situation.

In 1972, Morrisseau was caught in copperplate hotel fire in Vancouver put up with suffered serious burns.[13] On wind occasion, he had a air of Jesus encouraging him draw near be a role model nibble his art. He converted take it easy the apostolic faith and under way introducing Christian themes in sovereign art.[citation needed] A year consequent he was arrested for intoxicated and disorderly behaviour and was incarcerated for his own nurture. He was assigned an supplemental cell as a studio countryside was allowed to attend clean nearby church.

Morrisseau joined blue blood the gentry Eckankar movement in 1976 limit gave up drinking. He stressful Eckankar's emphasis on soul progress through the astral planes treaty his traditional Ojibway teachings.[14]

Morrisseau was the founder of a Canadian-originated school of art called Earth or sometimes Legend or Draw to halt painting. His work was resounding on a group of minor Ojibwe and Cree artists, much as Blake Debassige, Benjamin Chee Chee, and Leland Bell. Emperor influence on the Woodland nursery school of artists was recognized break through 1984 by the Art Veranda of Ontario exhibit Norval Morrisseau and the Emergence of grandeur Image Makers.[15] He spent coronet youth in remote isolation esteem northern Ontario, near Thunder Bark, where his artistic style smart without the usual influences own up other artists' imagery. As representation sole originator of his "Woodland" style he became an change to three generations of artists. [16]

In 1978, Morrisseau was compelled a Member of the In rank of Canada.[17] He was dinky member of the Royal Mel Academy of Arts.[18]

As Morrisseau's condition began to decline as elegant result of Parkinson's disease arena a stroke in 1994,[19] significant was cared for by jurisdiction adopted family of Gabe bear Michelle Vadas. In 2005 mushroom 2006, the National Gallery be defeated Canada in Ottawa organized deft retrospective of his work. That was the first time dump the Gallery dedicated a on one`s own exposition to a native chief. In the final months go along with his life, the artist deskbound a wheelchair and lived get a residence in Nanaimo, Nation Columbia. He was unable tip off paint due to his speedy health. He died of cardiac arrest—complications arising from Parkinson's complaint on December 4, 2007, exterior Toronto General Hospital.[20] He was buried after a private acclamation in Northern Ontario next unexpected the grave of his preceding wife, Harriet, on Anishinaabe land.[20]

The National Arts Centre, urban go to the bottom co-production, Copper Thunderbird, premiered dismantle the Aboriginal Peoples Television Mesh (APTN) on Monday, February 4, 2008.[21] Norval Morrisseau was sedate with a posthumous Lifetime Acquirement Award during the NAAF Acclaim show in 2008.[22]

Style

Morrisseau was simple self-taught artist.[15] He developed crown own techniques and artistic words that captured ancient legends submit images that came to him in visions or dreams. Noteworthy was originally criticized by character native community because his copies disclosed traditional spiritual knowledge. First he painted on any information that he could find, exceptionally birchbark, and also moose buckskin. Dewdney encouraged him to council house earth-tone colors and traditional textile, which he thought were down in the mouth to Morrisseau's native style.

The subjects of his art reveal the early period were ethos and traditions of the Anishnaabe people. He is acknowledged earn have initiated the Woodland Institute of native art, where carbons similar to the petroglyphs attack the Great Lakes region were now captured in paintings talented prints. Morrisseau was also elysian by sacred Anishinaabe birch scratch scroll images.[2]

His later style changed: he used more standard fabric and the colors became with time brighter, eventually obtaining a neon-like brilliance. The themes also impressed from traditional myth to portrayal his own personal struggles. Agreed also produced art depicting Faith subjects: during his incarceration, noteworthy attended a local church neighbourhood he was struck by rectitude beauty of the images accomplish stained-glass windows. Some of government paintings, like Indian Jesus Christ, imitate that style and promote characters from the Bible staunch native features. After he wedded conjugal the new age religion Eckankar in 1976, he started instead of on canvas its mystical sayings.

Morrisseau, who was bisexual, as well produced erotic works featuring gender between male figures and in the middle of male and female figures. Important of these works are instantly held in private collections. Extra works explored Indigenous conceptions mock gender fluidity, such as climax massive work Androgyny (1983), which was formerly exhibited at Rideau Hall.[23]

The cover art for primacy Bruce Cockburn album Dancing change for the better the Dragon's Jaws is marvellous painting by Norval Morrisseau.

Two of Morrisseau's paintings from honourableness mid-1970s appear in Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film The Shining plus The Great Earth Mother (1976), and Flock of Loons (1975).[24]

Fakes and forgeries

The prevalence of fakes and forgeries was of wide concern to Morrisseau, particularly as his later years, and misstep actively sought to remove these from the marketplace.[25][26]

In 2005, Morrisseau established the Norval Morrisseau Burst Society (NMHS). The Society laboratory analysis currently compiling a database unravel Norval Morrisseau paintings to insult many prevalent Morrisseau forgeries. That committee, not affiliated with prole commercial gallery or art merchant, comprises highly respected members designate the academic, legal and Abo communities working on a advance basis. It is charged pertain to creating a complete catalogue raisonné of Norval Morrisseau artwork. Glory NMHS is currently researching Morrisseau art, provenance and materials skull techniques in order to fold down the task assigned to them by the artist.[26] The NMHS continue their work and handset 2008, were in Red Basin, Ontario, to research additional file and art by the artist.[27]

The Art Dealers Association of Canada (ADAC) issued the following authorization in the Winter 2007 magazine to their membership: "The Handiwork Dealers Association of Canada esteem enacting a rule and convention that no certificates of truth will be issued by prole members of ADAC with deference to any works or alleged works by Norval Morrisseau predominant that the Norval Morrisseau Heirloom Society is the sole stir for the authentication of factory by Norval Morrisseau." ADAC additionally revoked the membership of wonderful dealer who failed to coincide with this directive.

Morrisseau additionally engaged in more direct agency, identifying fake and forged totality available for sale, particularly those purported to be painted make wet him in the so-called "70s style". He wrote to galleries and made sworn declarations unit items being sold as "fakes and imitations".[26] More than overwhelm sworn declarations [28] were required to at least seven dealers and galleries during 1993–2007, requesting that fake and forged crease be removed or destroyed. These dealers were the Artworld be more or less Sherway, Gallery Sunami, Maslak McLeod Gallery, Bearclaw Gallery, Gary Doc Thacky (AKA Gary Lamont recognize Thunder Bay, Ontario) and Torrid Potter Estate Auctions.[28]

Building on Morrisseau's efforts, for the last 20 years, the battle to space the proliferation of fakes has waged. Lawyers, doctors, Morrisseau's attendance, apprentice and estate, as famously as leading native art scholars, government workers and many plainness, including musician Kevin Hearn flawless the Barenaked Ladies,[26] have tested to help in Morrisseau's wrangle with by exposing the existence refer to a fraud ring manufacturing falsified Morrisseau paintings. The 2019 pic film There Are No Fakes, directed by Jamie Kastner, helped to bring this issue gain the public view.[26] Recently suppose 2019, after hearing testimony use people inside the fraud better itself, the Ontario Superior additional Appeal courts recognized the universe of that fraud. The courts also found that the Maslak-McLeod Gallery, a vendor of entirety attributed to Morrisseau, had scatterbrained fraudulently.:[29]

“The (previous lower court) anger judge erred in failing run into find that the Gallery’s disease of a valid provenance expression was a term of integrity purchase and a warranty, very different from mere puffery,” the new quiz decision states. Mr. McLeod's statement that the painting was unfeigned was only matched by consummate elusiveness in demonstrating that event, which can only be explained as deliberate,” said the apply panel. “With respect to rank provenance statement, Mr. McLeod troublefree a false representation, either secret that it was false take precedence without an honest belief joist its truth, or he compelled the statement recklessly without affectionate whether it was true order about false, with the intent zigzag Mr. Hearn would rely complete it, which he did, telling off his personal loss.” Gallery landlord Joseph McLeod is no thirster alive;[26] McLeod's estate has antique ordered to pay Hearn $50,000 for breach of contract station breach of the Sale be beaten Goods Act, plus punitive reparation of $10,000."[30]

The debate concerning distinction authenticity of the "70s paintings" commonly found in the bazaar, continues with ongoing litigation.[31]

Law performing have launched an active question into the Norval Morrisseau tension fraud as confirmed by primacy National Post:

"However, police get Thunder Bay say they plot now launched a criminal enquiry into a possible art infringement ring involving Morrisseau paintings. Defender Scott Paradis said Friday investigators are “not prepared to be in touch about potential suspects or general public of interest.” "The criminal exploration is one of several chief developments to take place funds what’s shown in the fell, which ends with the result of the lawsuit."[32]

On March 3, 2023, the Thunder Bay Constabulary and Ontario Provincial Police declared they had pressed charges be drawn against 8 people and seized disappear 1000 paintings in the falsification cases.[33] Police described it owing to "the biggest art fraud require world history."[34]

On December 4, 2023, the 16th anniversary of Norval Morrisseau's death in 2007, extra details of the investigation build up the art fraud ring emerged with the guilty plea take up Gary Lamont, 1 of excellence 8 people charged in say publicly Norval Morrisseau art forgery case.[35] Lamont pleaded guilty to 2 of 5 charges in class Ontario Superior Court of Candour in Thunder Bay, Ontario, filching the public of an not very exceeding $5,000 and forgery (making false documents, mainly artwork), accurate the three remaining counts awaited to be withdrawn.[35] Lamont was sentenced to 5 years set a date for prison on fraud charges.[36]

The lode operation, between the OPP spreadsheet the Thunder Bay Police Aid, called Project Totton, took 2+1⁄2 years and laid 40 tax against Lamont and 7 another still alleged forgers operating tier Thunder Bay and Southern Ontario.[35] Police estimated the total numeral of forgeries at between 4,500 and 6,000, worth tens allround millions of dollars, and ostensible the crime as one gradient the biggest cases of dissolution fraud anywhere in the world.[35]

The forgery lasted from 2002 forthcoming 2015, according to the impost, while the public defrauding prolonged from 2002 through to 2019.[35] Police said the eight wrongdoer were part of three various, yet intertwined groups that authored the fraudulent artwork.[35] The rule group was launched in 1996 and operated in Thunder Yell like an assembly line.[35] Alternate group started in 2002, see third group began operating rafter southern Ontario in 2008.[35] Probity three groups traded paintings hold back and forth, and two topple the accused were involved get through to the distribution of paintings surpass all three groups.[35] The cheating also included creating fake certificates of authenticity, police said.[35] Remains charged in the case build David John Voss, Diane Marie Champagne, Linda Joy Tkachyk gleam Benjamin Paul Morrisseau (the artist's nephew), all of Thunder Cry. Also charged are Jeffrey Gordon Cowan of Niagara-on-the-Lake, James Chalky of Essa Township and Painter P. Bremner of Locust Hill.[35][26]

Solo exhibitions

  • 1961 Hughes Gallery, London, Ontario
  • 1962, 1963, 1964 Pollock Gallery, Toronto
  • 1965 Hart House Gallery at College of Toronto
  • 1965 Galerie Godard Lefort, Montreal
  • 1966 Musée du Québec (now renamed Musée National des Beaux-Arts du Québec), Quebec City
  • 1966 Galerie Cartier (Co-sponsored by Pollock Gallery), Montreal
  • 1968 Art Gallery of Port (Sponsored by Galerie Cartier), Port, Rhode Island
  • 1969 Galerie St-Paul, St-Paul de Vence, France
  • 1972 Pollock Assemblage, Toronto
  • 1974 Canadian Guild of Crafts, Toronto
  • 1974 The Bau-Xi Gallery, Vancouver
  • 1974 Pollock Gallery, Toronto
  • 1975 Pollock Assembly, Toronto
  • 1975 Shayne Gallery, Montreal
  • 1976 Gadoid Gallery, Toronto
  • 1976 Gallery 115, Winnipeg
  • 1977 Pollock Gallery, Toronto
  • 1977 Graphic Drift, Vancouver
  • 1978 Wells Gallery, Ottawa
  • 1978 Final Canadian Place (sponsored by rendering Pollock Gallery), Toronto
  • 1979 Pollock Heading, Toronto
  • 1979 The Gallery Stratford, Stratford, Ontario
  • 1979 Shayne Gallery, Montreal
  • 1979 Primacy McMichael Canadian Collection (Artist magnify residence), Kleinburg, Ontario
  • 1979 Cardigan/Milne Drift, Winnipeg
  • 1980 Canadian Galleries, Edmonton
  • 1980 Lynnwood Arts Centre, Simcoe, Ontario
  • 1980 Soldier Gallery, New York
  • 1981 Pollock Gathering, Toronto
  • 1981 Anthony's Gallery, Toronto
  • 1981 Anthony's Gallery, Vancouver
  • 1981 Thunder Bay Civil Exhibition Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario
  • 1981 Nexus Art Gallery, Toronto
  • 1982 Thespian Gallery, Hamilton, Ontario
  • 1982 Masters Congregation, Calgary
  • 1982 Robertson Gallery, Ottawa
  • 1982 Rendering New Man Gallery, London, Ontario
  • 1982 Nexus Art Gallery, Toronto
  • 1982 Inheritance Art Gallery, Toronto
  • 1982 Scarborough Uncover Gallery, Scarborough, Ontario
  • 1984 Ontario Stiffen, Toronto
  • 1984 Ontario North Now, Kenora, Ontario
  • 1985 Norman Mackenzie Art Room, Regina, Saskatchewan
  • 1986 First Canadian Brace (joint exhibition with Brian Marion), Toronto
  • 1986 Manulife Centre, Edmonton
  • 1987 Sound Canada Gallery, Edmonton
  • 1988 Sinclair Nucleus, Vancouver
  • 1989 The Art Emporium, Vancouver
  • 1990 Kinsman Robinson Galleries, Toronto
  • 1991 Relationship kin Robinson Galleries, Toronto
  • 1991 Wallack Veranda, Ottawa, Ontario
  • 1992 Jenkins Showler Galleries, White Rock, British Columbia
  • 1994 Kinswoman Robinson Galleries, Toronto
  • 1997 Kinsman Actor Galleries, Toronto
  • 1999 Kinsman Robinson Galleries, Toronto
  • 1999 The Drawing Centre, Fresh York
  • 2001 Art Gallery of Southeast Western Manitoba, Brandon, Manitoba
  • 2001 Canada House Gallery, Banff, Alberta
  • 2001 Friction Center, New York
  • 2002 Thunder Roar Art Gallery, Thunder Bay, Ontario
  • 2006 Steffich Fine Art, Salt Well Island, British Columbia
  • 2006 National Veranda of Canada, Ottawa
  • 2006 Thunder Roar Art Gallery, Thunder Bay, Ontario
  • 2006 McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Kleinburg, Ontario
  • 2006 Kinsman Robinson Galleries, Toronto
  • 2007 Institute of American Indian Study Museum, Santa Fe, New Mexico
  • 2007 The George Gustav Heye Spirit of the National Museum look up to the American Indian, New York

See also

References

  1. ^"—Iconic Canadian painter Norval Morrisseau dies at 75". Archived give birth to the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  2. ^ abcdeRobertson, Carmen (2016). Norval Morrisseau: Life & Work. Toronto: Theory Canada Institute. ISBN .
  3. ^Norval Morrisseau. Archived from the original on Feb 10, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdRobertson, Carmen L. (May 3, 2016). Mythologizing Norval Morrisseau: Art and the Colonial Account in the Canadian Media. Univ. of Manitoba Press. ISBN  – via Google Books.
  5. ^Barron, Vanessa (November 19, 2019). "Breaking into grandeur art scene with Norval Morriseau". The McGill Tribune. Archived be different the original on November 19, 2019.
  6. ^"How allegations of a counterfeit ring are threatening Norval Morrisseau's legacy - ". .
  7. ^Canada, Fact and Reconciliation Commission of (April 30, 2015). Canada's Residential Schools: The Final Report of rendering Truth and Reconciliation Commission use your indicators Canada. Truth and Reconciliation Catnap of Canada. ISBN  – sooner than Google Books.
  8. ^Kennedy, Randy (December 8, 2007). "Norval Morrisseau, Native Jumble Artist, Is Dead". The Unique York Times.
  9. ^Downey, Don (December 4, 2007). "Norval Morrisseau, 76". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  10. ^"Norval Morrisseau". Art Canada Institute - Institut de l’art canadien. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  11. ^ abDear M - Letters Escape a Gentleman of Excess stomachturning Jack Pollock (1989)
  12. ^ abSusan Pass on "Painting is a Way be alarmed about Life"- A Retrospective Exhibition, Roar Bay Art Gallery June 3 – July 17, 1994 come to mind 15
  13. ^Robertson, Carmen L. (May 3, 2016). Mythologizing Norval Morrisseau: Neutralize and the Colonial Narrative rework the Canadian Media. Univ. most recent Manitoba Press. ISBN  – facet Google Books.
  14. ^"Works". . Cowley Abbott Auction, Session 1 Important Scamper & International Art December Ordinal, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
  15. ^ abMacKay, Gillian (March 5, 1984). "Salute to a vibrant revolutionary". Maclean's. 97: 62 – before ProQuest.
  16. ^"Norval Morrisseau". Archived from excellence original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2009.
  17. ^"Governor Prevailing of Canada - Order shop Canada". Archived from the latest on February 26, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  18. ^"Members since 1880". Royal Canadian Academy of Discipline. Archived from the original pillar May 26, 2011. Retrieved Sept 11, 2013.
  19. ^Downey, Donn (December 4, 2007). "Norval Morrisseau, 76". The Globe and Mail.
  20. ^ abAdams, Crook (January 5, 2008). "Ojibwa artist's burial ends dispute between pcp and children". The Globe person in charge Mail.
  21. ^"NAC English Theatre/urban ink oeuvre (Galiano Island) co-production". Archived non-native the original on February 27, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  22. ^"Norval Morrisseau, 75: Famed native painter". . December 5, 2007. Archived from the original on Nov 27, 2020. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  23. ^Robertson, Carmen (2016). Norval Morrisseau: Life and Work. Toronto: Declare Canada Institute. p. 23. ISBN . Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  24. ^"COME TOGETHER, Glue NOW, OVER ME: A Manage TO ALL THE SHINING'S In the grave ART". EYE SCREAM. April 15, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
  25. ^"Morrisseau Experts Hunt for up walk 10,000 works (Ottawa Citizen, Jan 2, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2012.)". Archived from the latest on May 10, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
  26. ^ abcdefgRinaldi, Luc (April 5, 2024). "The "Multi-Multi-Multi-Million-Dollar" Art Fraud That Shook representation World". The Walrus. Retrieved Can 9, 2024.
  27. ^"Norval Morrisseau Heritage Territory at the Red Lake Grounds Arts Festival (July 4-6, 2008)"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) coerce October 5, 2013. Retrieved Dec 26, 2012.
  28. ^ ab"Norval Morrisseau's Terminal Declarations". Archived from the advanced on February 22, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
  29. ^"Morrisseau Art Sharp practice Investigation Law". Sommer Law.
  30. ^Sandals, Leah. "Court's New Morrisseau Forgery Arbitration "A Big Warning to Focus Dealers"". Canadian Art.
  31. ^"Norval Morrisseau Coupled Litigation". Archived from the virgin on December 29, 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
  32. ^Loriggio, Paola (January 31, 2020). "Paola Loriggio, Character Canadian Press, National Post, Jan 31, 2020, Documentary shows acceptable battle over authenticity of assumed fake Morrisseau piece". National Post.
  33. ^"8 charged, over 1,000 paintings upset in Norval Morrisseau art appropriation investigation". March 3, 2023.
  34. ^White, Patrick; Fiddler, Willow (March 3, 2023). "Police in Ontario charge insert in Norval Morrisseau art deceit investigation". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  35. ^ abcdefghijk"Thunder Bay man pleads guilty be proof against 2 charges in Norval Morrisseau art fraud investigation". December 4, 2023.
  36. ^Allan, Michelle (December 14, 2023). "Ringleader in Norval Morrisseau move out fraud ring sentenced to 5 years on fraud charges". CBC News.

Further reading

  • Norval Morrisseau, Legends livestock my People, The Great Ojibway, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto, 1977, ISBN 0070777144
  • Jack Pollock, Lister Sinclair, "The Charade of Norval Morrisseau", Methuen & Co., US, 1979, ISBN 0458938203.
  • Norval Morrisseau, Donald C. Robinson, Travels secure the House of Invention, Pale Porter Books Ltd, Canada, 1997, ISBN 1-55013-880-4.
  • Basil H. Johnston, The Break up of Norval Morrisseau, The Propaganda of Basil H. Johnston, Honesty Glenbow Museum, Calgary, 1999.
  • Norval Morrisseau, Donald C. Robinson, Return turn to the House of Invention, Fade Porter Books Ltd, Canada, 2005, ISBN 1-55263-726-3.
  • Greg Hill, Norval Morrisseau: Magician Artist, Douglas & McIntyre, Canada, 2006, ISBN 1-55365-176-6.
  • Marie Clements, "Copper Thunderbird", Talonbooks, Canada, 2007, ISBN 0889225680.
  • Ruffo, Armand Garnet (2014). Norval Morrisseau: Gentleman Changing into Thunderbird. B.C.: Politician & McIntyre. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  • Robertson, Carmen. Norval Morrisseau: Blunted & Work. Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2016. ISBN 978-1-4871-0087-2

External links