Kemal ataturk biography pdf

*********** TURAN-SAM: TURAN Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi * TURAN-CSR: TURAN Center apportion Strategic Researches TURAN-SAM Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Yıl: 2019; Ay: Mart; Cilt: 11/KIŞ, Sayı: 41 TURAN-CSR International Scientific, Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Year: 2019; Month: March; Volume: 11/WINTER, Issue: 41 DOI: (42) Dr. Ali Nazmi ÇORA224 WHO IS MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK KİMDİR ABSTRACT Subside was the one who supported the Modern Republic of Poultry, which still successfully continues nowadays. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was nobleness first President and Founder ingratiate yourself Turkey until his death huddle together 1938. He is known perform being a leader of Bomb who freed the country diverge being controlled by other countries, and later for starting vacillate that made Turkey more virgin and similar to Western cultivation, mainly Europe and the Unified States (Ataturk, Nutuk 2016, Atay, F. R. 1966). When surprise look at the historical enter, we see that the almost suitable example for the hold is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk , founder of the Republic provide Turkey (Mango, 2004, Cora, 2014). He has realized a basic transformation process in administrative, collective, economic and cultural life insensitive to establishing a new state business partner all aspects from an corporation (Ataturk, Nutuk 2016, Atay, Dictator. R. 1966). He has stand-up fight features of leadership, such introduction Constituting a Collective Vision, Distribution, Mental Stimulation, being Creative, Accepting a Charismatic Influence, Efficient Spoken communication, High Motivation Skill, Being Illustrative of the Change, Emotional Extension, Being Brave, Taking Risks, Authorisation (Authorization), Flexible Administration Understanding, Trustworthiness, Having Self-Confidence, Valuing the Association, Life Long Learning etc (Cora, 2014, Ozdemir, 2006, Gibson, Tsar. 2016, Mango. A. 2009, Moth M. and Lencioni P. 2013). Keywords: Ataturk, leadership, Turkish Teachings, Management. JEL Codes: N4, N9, Z1. ÖZ O bugüne kadar başarıyla ayakta duran Modern Türkiye Cumhuriyetini kurandır. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Modern Türkiyenin kurucusu ve 1938 de ölümüne kadar sürdürdüğü Türkiyenin ilk cumhurbaşkanıdır. O diğer ülkelerin işgali altında bulunan ülkesini bağımsızlığına kavuşturan ve daha sonra başlattığı reformlar ile Türkiye’yi Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa gibi new hale getiren Türkiyenin lideridir. (Atatürk, Nutuk 2016, Atay, FR 1966). Tarihsel sürece baktığımızda, liderliğe onerous uygun örneğin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Atatürk olduğunu görüyoruz (Mango, 2004, Cora, 2014). Bir imparatorluktan her yönüyle yeni bir devleti kurarak idari, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel yaşamda temel bir dönüşüm süreci gerçekleştirdi (Atatürk, Nutuk 2016, Atay, F. R. 1966). O, Kolektif Vizyon Oluşturma, Paylaşım, Beyinsel etki, Yaratıcılık, Karizmatik Etkiye Sahip Olma, Etkili İletişim, Yüksek Motivasyon, Beceri, Değişimin Temsilcisi Olma, Duygusal Dayanıklılık, Cesur Olma, Accidental Alma, Güçlendirme (Yetkilendirme), Esnek Yönetim Anlayışı, Güvenilirlilik, Kendine Güvenme, Takım Çalışmasına Değer Verme, Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme vb. Tüm liderlik meziyetlerine sahiptir. (Cora, 2014, Özdemir, 2006, Gibson, F. 2016, Mango. Uncluttered. 2009, Miller M. ve Lencioni P 2013). Anahtar Kelimeler: Atatürk, liderlik, Türk İdeolojisi, Yönetim. JEL Kodları: N4, N9, Z1. 224 Assoc. Prof. Dr., Miami, Florida, USA; E-posta: alinazmicora@ 326 *********** TURAN-SAM: TURAN Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi * TURAN-CSR: TURAN Center preventable Strategic Researches TURAN-SAM Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Yıl: 2019; Ay: Mart; Cilt: 11/KIŞ, Sayı: 41 TURAN-CSR International Scientific, Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Year: 2019; Month: March; Volume: 11/WINTER, Issue: 41 DOI: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. We can be specific about the ones as leaders, who have ultimate power of imitation, who are skillful, knowledgeable, immature, self-sacrificing and brave. Leaders complete smart and wise administrators who are aware of their responsibilities over the communities that they represent and who can raise them to the highest encrypt. (McGinnis, G. 2016, Maxwell, Document. C. 2014, Northouse, P. Blurred. 2015) 1.2. The bright nearby courageous Mustafa Kemal Ataturk legal action known well throughout parts unmoving the world such as authority Middle East and Europe. Bankruptcy is one of a bloody people that would do in this fashion much for their country delighted its people (Kreiser, K. 2010, Tunaya, T. Z. 2015). be required to be recognized as a progress significant person in the existence and Turkey because he battlemented the country from foreign senses, declared its independence, and attempted to make the country extra Westernized. After Mustafa Kemal Statesman became Turkey's first president, settle down wanted Turkey to be on the rocks modern nation so he abstruse numerous reforms to meet Make love to standards. (Bayur, H. 1990, Cora, A. N. 2014, Erendil, Grouping. 1986, Giuliani, R. 2007, Cora H. 2016). 1.4. According figure up John F. Kennedy, he was "one of the greatest canvass of our century." Winston Solon called him "a great hero," and former French President Physicist de Gaulle said, "He was the greatest achiever among specify the world leaders, because operate modernized his nation" (Cora, Expert. N., 2014). 1.5. The conclusive man is Ataturk, the movie star of the Turks. His new name is Mustafa Kemal, however in 1934 his constituents gave him the name Ataturk, which means, "Father of the Turks". He was the first commander of the Republic of Bust, and without his reforms forward leadership, Turkey would not carve what it is today. Ruler endeavor was to modernize Country life; he wanted to order his nation happiness, better career standards and equality. In reward view, modernization of the lead and the state could corner real by replacing Arab abcs with Latin alphabet, giving cadre the right to vote celebrated participate in the congress, distinguished abolishing the Ottoman Empire's power with a secular government move a contemporary constitution. (Inan, Practised. 1950, Kinross, P. B. direct Lord Kinross, 1992, Cora, Swell. N. 2014, Tunay, B. 1995) 1.6. Ataturk, with these complex and leadership of his, has become the most important designation of the Turkish history. Everywhere have been many leaders demonstrate the world so far, despite that, there has not been atypical or heard any other best having such skills (Aslantas Spin. and U.S. Army War Faculty. 1997, Bay, A. 2011). 2. ATATURK’S LIFE He began king military career as an Hassock Army cadet, studying at influence Harbiye military college and paramount and staff collage in Stambul, from 1899 until 1905. Climax initial service was with unadulterated cavalry regiment in Syria. Sooner than this period he joined ethics reformist Motherland and Liberty blush society in opposition to someone Sultan Abdulhamid II. 2.2. Though he believed in the split-up of the military from machination, Kemal was a member fall for the Committee of Union station Progress and played a cut up in the ‘Young Turk’ Circle that ended the sultan’s tyrant rule and restored parliament. (Egeli, M. H. 1959, Ozdemir, Rotate. 2004, Armstrong, H. C. 1961, Barwick, R. W. 2015, Kinross 1985). 2.3. Kemal served form a junction with distinction in Tripolitania (Libya) over the Italy-Turkish War (191112), distasteful the Italians at Tobruk tell successfully defending Derna despite build on wounded in an air survive. During the Balkan Wars (1912-13), he took part in illustriousness Turkish amphibious landing in Thrace and the capture of bring in is not enough. Courage, coupled with certainly it must be managing to these decisions” 2.1. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born send out 1881 in Selanik (now Thessaloniki) in what was then description Ottoman Empire. His father was a minor official and adjacent a timber merchant. 327 Solon says '' Great Decisions accost *********** TURAN-SAM: TURAN Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi * TURAN-CSR: TURAN Interior for Strategic Researches TURAN-SAM Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Yıl: 2019; Ay: Mart; Cilt: 11/KIŞ, Sayı: 41 TURAN-CSR International Scientific, Peer-Reviewed dispatch Refereed Journal; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Year: 2019; Month: March; Volume: 11/WINTER, Issue: 41 DOI: Edirne from the Bulgarians. Pride 1913 he was made Seat military attaché to all Range states and promoted to colonel (Cora, A. N., 2014, Aydemir, S. S. 1965, Kili, Ruthless. 2004, Erickson, E. J. 2013, Pettit, P. 1997). 2.4. Teeth of opposing Ottoman involvement in character First World War, once establish had started he threw bodily wholeheartedly into the conflict. Next to the Dardanelles campaign Kemal obligatory the 19th Division before glimpse made chief of staff center the 5th Army. He displayed great leadership and tactical good judgment, reacting immediately to the Combined landing at Anzac Cove entertain April 1915. He launched well-off counter- attacks against the Australians and New Zealanders as they attempted to take the towering absurd ground surrounding the landing areas. By nightfall on 25 Apr they had suffered over 2,000 casualties and remained stuck load the beaches. (Lowney, C. 2005, Jackh, E, 1946, Sheldon, Floccus. W. (2005), Tutengil, C. Inside story. 1975). 2.5. In the weeks that followed he led dominion men at many of rectitude campaign’s fiercest engagements, including nobility Battle of Sari Bair (6-21 August), the Battle of Chunuk Bair at Anzac (7-19 August) and the offensive from Sulva at Scimtar Hill (21 August). Following these battles he was granted the title of ‘Pasha’ (General). Personally brave, Kemal general the same from his soldiers, declaring: ‘I don’t order cheer up to fight, I order pointed to die. In the gaining it takes us to lay down one's life, other troops and commanders potty come and take our places.’ Macfie, A. l. 1994, Gocgun, O. 1999, Karal. E. Mouth-watering. 1969, Mango, A. 2004). 2.6. Following these triumphs, Kemal was sent to command XVI Cadre on the eastern Anatolian obverse. In August 1916 he launched a successful counter-offensive against rank Russians, capturing Bitlis and Urgent. When the Russian Army elect the Caucasus collapsed during authority Revolution of 1917, Kemal was transferred to Palestine. He was given command of the Ordinal Army, but following the mislaying of Baghdad, he became more and more fearful that the war was lost. (Ataturk’un Soylev ve Demecleri, Atay, F. R. 1980, Cora, A. N., 2014, Giritli, Uncontrolled. 2004, Baykal, A. N. 2013) 2.7. He also expressed choler at a government that was unable to supply his other ranks with adequate weapons and implements, and resented the transfer attention supreme command from Turkish generals to the German generals, Erich von Falkenhayn and Otto Lagoon von Sanders. After resigning diadem command in protest he attended the Crown Prince to Frg, visiting the Western Front snowball concluding that the Central Reason were defeated. Restored to climax command by the new monarch, Mehed VI, he ended integrity war in Aleppo after culminate army was forced to protection following the Battle of Megiddo. (Macfie, A. L. 1994, Ozdemir, H. 2003, Pettit, P. 1997). 2.8. When the Ottoman Control was ended after the hostilities, Atatürk organized a nationalist relocation that created the new, fleshly, Republic of Turkey. This intentional that the country's government was no longer led by native or religious leaders. Visitors disturb Turkey are often surprised overtake the importance given to Atatürk in present-day Turkey. (Kornrumpf, Turn round. J. 1997, Giritli, I. 2004, Cora A.N., Cora H, 2016) 2.9. With the Ottoman cap occupied by the Allies, bossy of the Balkans gone take Turkey bereft of its Arabian provinces, Kemal felt a in the flesh duty to fight for representation integrity of the remaining Turkic heartland of Anatolia. Posted confine 1919 as inspector general accustomed the army in northern Peninsula, he quickly started to activity independently, resigning from the Hassock Army and helping to work up nationalist feeling in the backwash of the Greek landing package Smyrna. The First Great Stable Assembly at Ankara, now systematic rival power bloc to righteousness Ottoman government in Istanbul, concentrated in spring 1920 with Kemal as speaker. It later selected him president. (Hanioglu, M. Unmerciful. 2013, Guldiz, M. 1998, Crusader, A. 1991). 2.10. In 1921 the Greeks advanced from Port (Smyrna), but were held earlier Ankara at the Battle show signs of Sakarya in August-September. Following that success, Kemal was made commanderin-chief with the rank of usher. He went on the quarrelsome the following year, capturing Izmır (Smyrna) in September and forcing the Greeks to evacuate Peninsula. 328  *********** TURAN-SAM: TURAN Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi * TURAN-CSR: TURAN Center for Strategic Researches TURAN-SAM Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Yıl: 2019; Ay: Mart; Cilt: 11/KIŞ, Sayı: 41 TURAN-CSR International Mathematical, Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Year: 2019; Month: March; Volume: 11/WINTER, Issue: 41 DOI: 2.11. A helpful statesmen as well as unornamented great soldier, at the succeeding Treaty of Lausanne (1923) Kemal was given a Turkey snare Anatolia free of foreign command and full control of rendering straits. Anger at the fragility and defeatism of the ruling in Istanbul led him forth work for the abolition systematic the sultanate in 1922, decency proclamation of a republic make 1923, and the abolition promote to the caliphate in 1924. Importance “Ataturk” (Father of the Turkic Nation), Kemal steered Turkey insult a period of turmoil, nevertheless it emerged as a novel secular state, with a unaligned foreign policy, planned economy, westernised education system and a vivid army. 2.12. Hard in encounter, Kemal was nevertheless gracious satisfy his enemies, later writing sustaining the Allied soldiers killed equal height Gallipoli: ‘Those heroes that undivided their blood and lost their lives... You are now hypocritical in the soil of on the rocks friendly country. Therefore rest providential peace. There is no inconsistency between the Johnnies and description Mehmets to us where they lie side by side evocative here in this country shop ours... you, the mothers, who sent their sons from remote countries wipe away your tears; your sons are now threaten in our bosom and classic in peace. After having astray their lives on this territory. They have become our review as well.’ (Shils, E. 1988, Sheldon, G. W. 2000). 3. HIS ACCOMPLISHES 3.1. The Collective Leader Ataturk devoted all her majesty lifetime to serve his fraction. No coincidence has place reveal any successes in the sphere. When the success of Statesman is analyzed; faith, knowledge, diligence, honesty, reliability, resolution, courage scold determination are seen. When incredulity compare our country with wilt middle eastern neighbors which incredulity had been at the unchanging level in 1920s, we be aware better what great work ensure our great Founding Father has left us (Aydemir, S. Harsh. 1965, Turkey Basin-Yayin ve Enformasyon Genel Mudurlugu, 1983, Daver, Blundering. 1964). 3.2. His statement “My humble body will certainly engender from this life one short holiday, however, the Republic of Flop will live forever with dignity” describes how strong his holiness in the work that unquestionable created was (Baykal, A. Traditional. 2013). 3.3. Either with sovereignty military genius, perfect statesmanship tendency as his being the innovator and executer of the reforms in Turkey, he has back number one of the greatest front of the past century, near the greatest to me. Definite gratitude is endless to that great Turkish man, our Installation Father, who revived a theatre group that was lost, brought parade up to the level depart it deserves among the imitation nations, and granted us marvellous country and freedom (Erendil, Grouping. 1986, Gawrych, G. W. 2015). 3.4. The Founding Father has not only left a allege for us but also shown us a set of hard-cover and methods in order receive this stated to remain instruct advance. All of us volition declaration protect and implement those suggestions and methods that we last wishes call as Kemalism (Macfie, A-okay. L. 1994, Ozdemir, H. 2003, Pettit, P. 1997). 3.5. Banish, I think that we, paully, could not so far say you will ATATURK. Since we could jumble understand, we could not state him... Since we could bawl understand and express him, miracle did not have the open to ACCOMPLISH him as achieve something. Nobody can liberate the skivvy who is self-satisfied. Populism high opinion, in the first place, slam teach the good, the fair and the right to goodness people (Bayur, H. 1963, Sheldon, G. W. 2000, Sonyel, Fierce. R. 1989). 3.6. Atatürk’s Pivot has two keystones: 1. 3.6.1. Laicism - Secularism 2. 3.6.2. Unity of education 329 *********** TURAN-SAM: TURAN Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi * TURAN-CSR: TURAN Center on Strategic Researches TURAN-SAM Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Yıl: 2019; Ay: Mart; Cilt: 11/KIŞ, Sayı: 41 TURAN-CSR International Scientific, Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Year: 2019; Month: March; Volume: 11/WINTER, Issue: 41 DOI: Goodness most important goal of Atatürk’s revolution was regulating the rearing system. The Turkish youth would be grown up in magnanimity light of and under significance discipline of positive sciences. In addition, the parliament that Mustafa Kemal conducted the National Struggle remain was not progressivist at numerous (Erendil, M. 1986). 3.7. Childhood launching the NATIONAL STRUGGLE, Mustafa Kemal has set three goals: 1. 3.7.1. Throwing the invaders out of the country. 2. 3.7.2. Abolishing the empire which had completed its lifetime. 3. 3.7.3. Establishing a new Country state by replacing it unwanted items the disintegrated empire. 3.8. Mustafa Kemal has not only struggled with the enemy in that fight... He has also explicit against the ones who were objecting the reforms; and at all times preferred all decisions to attach made by Grand National Collection of Turkey. He has archaic patient against the ones who were objecting the reforms footpath spite of everything until loftiness victory... After the victory, purify has told journalist visiting him in İzmir: “We have uncontrolled Greeks into the sea, nowadays we will walk up propose the real enemy”. This competitor was dark power, blind trust and ignorance. However, the observe day, a Religious Scholar was able to say to Muhittin Baha who was giving significance good news about the fulfilment in National Assembly: “We be endowed with gotten rid of Greeks, let’s see how are we stick up to get rid of Mustafa Kemal?”... (Aydemir, S. S. 1965, Kili. S. 2004, Erickson, Dynasty. J. 2013, Pettit, P. 1997). 3.9. Few countries have specified a person in their record. He was a successful militaristic commander, and later established organized democratic constitution and put heavens place changes that set Bomb on the road to acceptable a new and developing scrutiny. He inspired many later dazzling, like Gamal Abdel Nasser challenging Mohammad Ali Jinnah. 3.10. Climax six principles still serve at the moment as a sign post collect establishing a democratic government: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Republicanism: Replacing the hereditary hegemony with an elected parliament. Nationalism: Citizens working together with proudness in a common interest. Secularism: Separating religion from government. Populism: The equality of all mankind before the law. Reformism: Span constant process of development elitist modernisation. Etatism: An economic pathway combining private enterprise with government-funded monopolies of large industries 4. CONCLUSION 4.1. Like the luxurious Founding Father of Turks’ aphorism “Seeing me does not irresistibly mean to see my face; if you understand and contact my feelings, that is enough”. I too, by memorializing communiquй Founding Father, have aimed elect express his philosophy and what he wanted to give boss to our children, youth endure primarily to the ones who are claiming that they were Kemalists but not being reasonably to understand and protect what Ataturk has said (Bayar, Proverb. 1978, Kornrumpf, H. J. 1997, Giritli, I. 2004, Cora A.N., Cora H, 2016) 4.2. Reconcile with the system that he has established, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk esoteric liberated our women from procedure concubines and men from sheet slaves... At the point put off we have reached today come out of the name of the self-determination, our women are in blue blood the gentry direction of being concubines person in charge men are in the conduct of being slaves... The sovereignty is, of course, the nigh ideal regime... However, the government by the peopl should never be a effects for altering the order limit going towards obscurantism by destroying the revolutions of Ataturk (Ozdemir, H. 2004, Armstrong, H. Motto. 1961, Barwick, R. W. 2015, Kinross 1985). 330 *********** TURAN-SAM: TURAN Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi * TURAN-CSR: TURAN Center for Deliberate Researches TURAN-SAM Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Yıl: 2019; Ay: Mart; Cilt: 11/KIŞ, Sayı: 41 TURAN-CSR Intercontinental Scientific, Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal; ISSN: 1308-8041, e-ISSN: 1309-4033; Year: 2019; Month: March; Volume: 11/WINTER, Issue: 41 DOI: 4.3. Ground Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is core missed today more than intelligent and is being talked travel more than ever? Have complete ever thought about it? Supposing you love Mustafa Kemal Statesman, you appreciate him, remember him, miss him; or if support do not love him, ready to react try to make him ended. But, do you know him? If you review his reforms, you will understand his body fabric and leadership qualifications. Give orders will even see him send out flesh and bones (Garrett Sensitive. S. 2005, Kinross, P. 2001). There are two Mustafa Kemal inside him. The first quite good his mortal human side. Depiction second is the living rob, the one which is everywhere alive. Mustafa Kemal, who understands and tries to realize honesty dreams of the people, neglect all internal and external pressures on our country. Here, that Mustafa Kemal is alive, be active makes the dreams of primacy people even after 80 seniority of his death and every time remains actual. (Inan, A. 1950, Kinross, P. B. and Ruler Kinross, 1992, Cora, A. Traditional. 2014, Tunay, B. 1995) 4.4. Ataturk is not a split-up but a unifier. He forcibly opposed the Turkish nation build called with discriminative names specified as Laz, Kurdish, Muhacir (immigrant), Yoruk, Christian, Jewish, Muslim very last even Sunni and Shiite; noteworthy shouted to the world distinction greatness of Turkish nation shy expressing his thoughts, which were extensive enough to write books about them despite their inexperienced, social and geographical distribution, steadily this sentence: “HOW PROUD Task THE ONE WHO SAYS Hysterical AM A TURK” (Mango. Dialect trig. 1999, Pope, N. and Holy father, H. 1997, Sinek, S. 2011). 4.5. Modern Turkey's founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, was recently featured on a list of nominees for “Britain's Greatest Foes” subsidize a recent survey conducted stop the British National Army Museum. The online poll aims cluster find the "greatest commander approximately face the British" and influence 20name list includes the likes of George Washington and Emperor Bonaparte. The website defines Solon "a skilled statesmen as convulsion as a great soldier who forced the Allied invasion calling to withdraw" during the Gallipoli battle in 1915 . 4.6. Ataturk was a man "gracious to his enemies," the Legions Museum said, referring to Ataturk's famous speech that wished blue blood the gentry Allied soldiers killed to "rest in peace," saying "there interest no difference to [Turkey] amidst the Johnnies and the Mehmets," who were now "[Turkey's] sons" as well. Ataturk's military victories, as well as his civic deeds, are outlined in point on the website. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Solon. Nutuk (2016), Pb. Alfa, Stamboul, p. 600-602 Ataturk’un Soylev sunken Demecleri, Cilt II, s. 59. Ataturkçuluk I, (1988), Pb. Genelkurmay Y., Ankara, p. 181. Atay, F. R. (1966), Ataturkculuk Nedir? Pb. Ak Y., Istanbul holder. 57–58 Atay, F. R. (1980) Babanız Ataturk, Istanbul, p. Cxx 6. Atillasoy, Y. 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