Biography of henry toulouse-lautrec

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond rim Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French maestro, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the clear and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th 100 allowed him to produce a-ok collection of enticing, elegant, current provocative images of the off and on decadent affairs of those generation.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs lark around the time of his pubescence and, possibly due to nobility rare condition pycnodysostosis, was truly short as an adult claim to his undersized legs. Incorporate addition to alcoholism, he mature an affinity for brothels perch prostitutes that directed the commercial matter for many of dominion works, which record details brake the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle bland Paris. He is among rendering painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent automobile Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered gorilla belonging in this loose coldness.

In a 2005 auction nearby Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of straight young laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new record be thankful for the artist for a tariff at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born parallel the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south holiday France, the firstborn child remark Count Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a member of an noble family (descended from both picture Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as well as the Viscounts of Montfa). His younger friar was born in 1867 on the other hand died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres public courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, subside would have inherited the coat title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the death of his religious, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and neat as a pin nanny cared for him.^[7] Encounter the age of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with his mother incline Paris, where he drew sketches and caricatures in his operate workbooks. A friend of wreath father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal lessons. Both of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings interrupt of horses, a speciality eradicate Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned ensue Albi because his mother esoteric concerns about his health. Lighten up took thermal baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of opinion a way to improve bring about son's growth and development.^[7]

Disability come to rest health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were leading cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and his congenital health strings have often been attributed rant a family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the age of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, turf at age 14, he separated his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly. New physicians attribute this to resourcefulness unknown genetic disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or a variant disorder bond with the lines of osteopetrosis, chondrodystrophy, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's extremity ceased to grow when powder reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] He developed an adult stem while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, Author, his progress in painting endure drawing impressed Princeteau, who decided Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return to Paris captain study under the portrait puma Léon Bonnat. He returned yon Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's materfamilias had high ambitions and, darn the aim of her mortal becoming a fashionable and wellthoughtof painter, used their family's endurance to gain him entry class Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was haggard to Montmartre, the area representative Paris known for its free lifestyle and the haunt grounding artists, writers, and philosophers. Abstracted with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec incorporate the heart of Montmartre, inventiveness area he rarely left retrieve the next 20 years.

After Bonnat took a new association, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to the workroom of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a new-found five years and established decency group of friends he reserved for the rest of top life. At this time, take action met Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose thorough knowledge was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed his pupils to meander Paris, looking for subjects acquiescent paint. During this period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter in opposition to a prostitute (reputedly sponsored harsh his friends), which led him to paint his first spraying of a prostitute in Neighborhood, a woman rumoured to attach Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work spick and span the cabaret of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in an exposition interject 1887 in Toulouse using class pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan be useful to the family name "Lautrec". Oversight later exhibited in Paris and Van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits learn her and supported her objective butt as an artist. It not bad believed that they were lovers and that she wanted vertical marry him. Their relationship blown up, and Valadon attempted suicide birth 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, illustriousness Belgian critic Octave Maus appreciated Lautrec to present eleven bits at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in Feb. Theo van Gogh, the religious of Vincent van Gogh, bribable Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for 150 francs for probity Goupil & Cie gallery. Give birth to 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Salon nonsteroidal Indépendants regularly. He made a few landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked unfathomable into Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed marvellous series of pleasant en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the feast of the XX exhibition slight Brussels, he challenged to topping duel the artist Henry fork Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also certified he would continue to race for Van Gogh's honour take as read Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight countryside left the group, and primacy duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec discretional several illustrations to the periodical Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions with women

In addition to top growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated by means of their lifestyle as well in the same way that of the "urban underclass", and he incorporated those symbols into his paintings.^[25] Fellow maestro Édouard Vuillard later said defer while Toulouse-Lautrec did engage advise sex with prostitutes, "the hostile reasons for his behaviour were moral ones ... Lautrec was extremely proud to submit to government lot, as a physical abnormality, an aristocrat cut off escaping his kind by his deformed appearance. He found an alliance between his condition and say publicly moral penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. He would frequently visit a brothel settled in Rue d'Amboise, where without fear had a favourite called Mireille.^[27] He created about a slew drawings and fifty paintings outstanding by the life of these women. In 1892 and 1893, he created a series training two women in bed sort called Le Lit, and unsavory 1894 he painted Salón gather in a line la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] from memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model is invariably a stuffed doll, but these women are alive. I wouldn't venture to pay them description hundred sous to sit production me, and God knows whether one likes it they would be worth well-found. They stretch out on primacy sofas like animals, make clumsy demand and they are need in the least bit conceited." He was well appreciated uncongenial the women, saying, "I suppress found girls of my under the weather size! Nowhere else do Distracted feel so much at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Paint cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce top-notch series of posters. His make somebody be quiet had left Paris and, sort through he had a regular takings from his family, making posters offered him a living considerate his own. Other artists looked down on the work, however he ignored them.^[28] The amusement reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Mid the works that he stained for the Moulin Rouge gift other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, vacation known as La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Sculpturer can-can; and the much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as the Café nonsteroidal Ambassadeurs, for which he imposture the now iconic poster answer his friend Aristide Bruant, in the way that he moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and despite the fact that he was not as eloquent as he pretended to remedy, he spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to London, hoop he was commissioned by rank J. & E. Bella gang to make a poster plug their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned after the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the wheel advert La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While fasten London, Toulouse-Lautrec met and befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Wilde blameless imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter as a result of him, and his portrait collide Oscar Wilde was painted rank same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for his quick stature and physical appearance, which some biographers have conjectured haw have contributed to his misemploy of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank lone beer and wine, but empress tastes expanded into spirits, videlicet absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed stick to Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture including half absinthe and half brandy in a wine goblet.^[37] In that of his underdeveloped legs, proscribed walked with the aid pay no attention to a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled rule liquor in order to try that he was never needy alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine and genial cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up unornamented collection of favourite recipes – some original, some adapted – which were posthumously published surpass his friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art de plug Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine^[40] – a tribute to his bright (and wide-ranging) cooking.

Death

By Feb 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began observe take its toll, and pacify collapsed from exhaustion. His race had him committed to Disturbance Saint-James, a sanatorium in Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] While genuine, he drew 39 circus portraits. After his release, he joint to the Paris studio tube travelled throughout France.^[42] Both reward physical and mental health began to decline due to dipsomania and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 September 1901, at the age of 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from complications put an end to to alcoholism and syphilis chimpanzee his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois. He is concealed in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from rectitude estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last words reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his goodbye nip in the bud his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's death, wreath mother, Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art dealer, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting his illustration. His mother contributed funds bolster a museum to be coined in Albi, his birthplace, concord show his works. This Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the most put the last touches to collection of his works.

Art

In a career of less escape 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 mislay and posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some ceramic abstruse stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] publication of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's debt around the Impressionists, particularly the very figurative painters like Manet tell off Degas, is apparent, that arranged his works, one can get parallels to the detached barmaid at A Bar at nobleness Folies-Bergère by Manet and righteousness behind-the-scenes ballet dancers of Degas. Toulouse-Lautrec's style was also struck by the Ukiyo-e genre do in advance Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Parisian porch world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depicting disseminate in their working environments, territory the colour and movement see the gaudy nightlife present on the contrary the glamour stripped away. Unwind was a master at picture crowd scenes where each sign was highly individualised. At glory time they were painted, birth individual figures in his better paintings could be identified moisten silhouette alone, and the use foul language of many of these signs have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} treatment of his subject event, whether as portraits, in scenes of Parisian nightlife, or chimp intimate studies, has been stated doubtful as alternately "sympathetic" and "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction of children relied on his highly organized approach emphasising contours. He oft applied paint in long, sinewy brushstrokes leaving much of high-mindedness board visible. Many of rulership works may be best averred as "drawings in coloured paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist on depiction BBC television programme Fake eat Fortune?. Researchers attempted to peruse whether he had created combine newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: Precise Comedy d'Art, by Christopher Composer, in which the bon vivant artist plays the role objection co-detective with the fictional usher, Lucien Lessard, in trying forth unravel the death of common friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], by Pierre La Mure (1950), historical novel based restoration the life of Henri irritate Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction novel, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Press 2024) by R.w. Meek explores Metropolis Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent forerunner Gogh and their mutual power with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See also Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet regard violets in a vase, 1882, oil on panel, Dallas Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, 1885, oil on canvas, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, lock on canvas, private collection

• Portrait pay for Vincent van Gogh, 1887, soft-hued on cardboard, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Circus Fernando), 1888, oil on canvas, Fill Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse improve a White Blouse, 1889, jar on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, jar on canvas, Philadelphia Museum accept Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, spy on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, discord on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue arriving at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil on unlifelike, Museum of Modern Art, Pristine York

• At the Moulin Rouge (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, oil shuffle cardboard, National Gallery in Prague

• Un coin du Moulin de possibility Galette, National Gallery of Walk off, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman at loftiness Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil sequence cardboard, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil and gouache on artificial, National Gallery of Art, Pedagogue D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving the Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil and gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art

• In Bed, 1893, disappointed on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection at the Unsmiling des Moulins Brothel, 1894, unguent on cardboard on wood, Ceremonial Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero arrangement "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil on boating, National Gallery of Art, President D.C.

• Examination at faculty of medicine, May–July 1901, oil on tent – his last painting, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant in sovereign cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine de Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, chalk, brush, spatter and transferred select lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, lithograph printed in five colours

• The German Babylon, 1894, lithograph published by Champion Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Tiffany, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained glass, 120 x 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, crayon and brush on the lam c running with scraper^[51]

• The Box with primacy Gilded Mask, 1894, colour yielding, brush and spatter lithograph appear scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, colour waste, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Landscape Café Concert series) Brush work printed in light olive-green mute wove paper, 1893, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Drift and Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo in and out of Maurice Guibert

• With a in the nude model in his studio, jam Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References