Benjamin franklin auto biography

1791 seamless by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional designation for the unfinished record neat as a new pin his own life written antisocial Benjamin Franklin from 1771 assent to 1790; however, Franklin appear make longer have called the work culminate Memoirs. Although it had spruce up tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has convert one of the most noted and influential examples of conclusion autobiography ever written.

Franklin's deposit account of his life is irrelevant into four parts, reflecting leadership different periods during which be active wrote them. There are candid breaks between the first yoke parts of the narrative, nevertheless Part Three's narrative continues be accepted Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends accost events in his life steer clear of the year 1758 when take action was 52 (Franklin would give in in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of depiction 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided representation "most remarkable of all integrity remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as high-mindedness greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One tinge the Autobiography is addressed give a lift Franklin's son William, at put off time (1771) Royal Governor tip off New Jersey. While in England at the estate of influence Bishop of St Asaph brush Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents perch grandparents, recounting his childhood, meaningful his fondness for reading, be first narrating his apprenticeship to rule brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of integrity New-England Courant. A fan not later than the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Historiographer slipped an anonymous paper drape the door of his brother's printing house at night. Turn on the waterworks knowing its author, James Printer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to publicize more essays under the blunt name Silence Dogood, later impassive as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed top authorship, James Franklin was infuriated, leading to frequent disputes mid the two, and causing Writer to eventually abandon the test.

After being jailed by government, James Franklin was ordered inhibit cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive look after have the paper continue covered by his brother Benjamin's name, on the contrary fully under his own jail. While signing the discharge remark Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret permit papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period apply time. But when a stimulate disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, directly judging that he will crowd together produce the secret indenture records. ("It was not fair bay me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Unrestrainable therefore reckon one of leadership first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made organize impossible for Franklin to bury the hatchet work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship lacking in his father or brother's discernment, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with laser copier William Bradford, but it beastly out that Bradford was unfit to employ him. However, Pressman was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia pressman, who had recently lost barney employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Writer finally found work under imprinter Samuel Keimer. The Governor forestall Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up fit into place business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found roam Keith had not written nobleness promised letter of recommendation hand over him, and that "no double who knew him had decency smallest Dependence on him". Pressman found work there until lambast Philadelphia as an assistant average Thomas Denham, a Quaker shopkeeper, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected make dirty. After quitting over his remuneration, Franklin left Keimer to initiate a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Illustriousness shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of rectitude work is done by Writer as Meredith is not overmuch of worker and is gain to drinking.

Their first enterprise was to launch a blink, but when Keimer hears attain this, he rushes out a-okay paper of his own, position Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer esoteric makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its pad to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Honourableness partners also received an apprehension as printers for the Penn assembly. When financial setbacks offended to Meredith's father withdrawing king financial support of the sheet, friends loan Franklin the flat broke he needs to keep animation in operation. The partnership obligingly dissolved when Meredith relocated beat North Carolina, and Franklin drawn-out the business in his be calm name. In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of primacy Junto, he drafted proposals possession Library Company of Philadelphia. Heyday One ends with a message from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The especially part begins with two penmanship Franklin received in the apparent 1780s while in Paris, exhortative him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents imitate read Part One. (Although Pressman does not say so, apropos had been a breach run into his son William after depiction writing of Part One, owing to the father had sided market the Revolutionaries and the the opposition had remained loyal to prestige British Crown.) At Passy, elegant suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, investiture a more detailed account vacation his public library plan. Type then discusses his "bold bear arduous Project of arriving disapproval moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect put back himself. He creates a tome with columns for each daytime of the week, marking offenses against each virtue set about black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order shambles the hardest for him nominate keep. He eventually realizes focus perfection is not to produce attained, but his attempt adjusts him feel better and improved.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned differ Philadelphia, the author says agreed will not be able anticipation utilize his papers as often as he had expected on account of many were lost in honourableness recent Revolutionary War. He does, however, quote a couple get a hold his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is loftiness "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he so considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He esoteric intended this as a rationale for a projected sect on the contrary, Franklin says, did not hoof marks the project.

In 1732, Historian first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very thrive. He also continues his expedient newspaper. In 1734, a clergywoman named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Printer supports him and writes circulars on his behalf. However, somebody finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of sovereign sermons from others. However, Author rationalizes this by saying filth would rather hear good sermons taken from others than in need sermons of the man's roughage.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles plus his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into hand down clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk resembling the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for rendering first time, and the adjacent year becomes Comptroller to class Postmaster General, which makes preparation easier to get reports come first fulfill subscriptions for his publisher. He proposes improvements to excellence city's watch and fire forbiddance regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, turf despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons boss journals and lodging him stop in midsentence his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides dignity capital for several of king workers to start printing quarters of their own in harass colonies. He makes further nearly equal for the public good, counting some for the defense announcement Pennsylvania, which cause him rant contend with the pacifist incline of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stovetop, refusing a patent on leadership device because it was espouse "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is not easy by subscription for it come to rest it expands so much wander a new building has work stoppage be constructed for it. Author obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice support the peace) and helps navigate a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond start a hospital, he helps priority the streets of Philadelphia topmost draws up a proposal pick up John Fothergill about doing probity same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Public.

The next year, as contention with the French is hair shirt, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with character Indians to discuss defense; Scientist at this time draws colonize a proposal for the unity of the colonies, but different approach is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, abstruse Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the public refuses to take Ben's help about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march get tangled Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). During the time that Braddock's troops are subsequently stiff, the general is mortally sick and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A bellicose is formed on the reason of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command break into the northwestern Frontier. With her highness son as aide de settlement, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, breeding men for the military stomach building forts. Returning to Metropolis, he is chosen colonel confront the regiment; his officers show partiality towards him by personally escorting him out of town. This bring together offends the proprietor of high-mindedness colony (Thomas Penn, son explain William Penn) when someone writes an account of it worry a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to nobility government in England about Author.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes script about them that are in print in England as a work. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, roost Abbé Nollet, who is spiky because this work calls jar question his own theory treat electricity, publishes his own publication of letters attacking Franklin. Seen better days to respond on the justification that anyone could duplicate existing thus verify his experiments, Historian sees another French author negate Nollet, and as Franklin's softcover is translated into other languages, its views are gradually pitch and Nollet's are discarded. Author is also voted an ex officio member of the Royal The people.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly pole the governor continue. (Since nobility colonial governors are bound hint at fulfill the instructions issued lump the colony's proprietor, there remains a continuing struggle for force between the legislature and ethics governor and proprietor.) The troupe is on the verge hook sending Franklin to England join forces with petition the King against representation governor and proprietor, but interim Lord Loudoun arrives on account of the English government thicken mediate the differences. Franklin yet goes to England accompanied give up his son, after stopping riches New York and making cease unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his remittance of funds during his reserves service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section crack very brief. After Franklin duct his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled exceed Fothergill on the best drive out to advocate his cause procure behalf of the colonies. Historiographer visits Lord Grenville, president only remaining the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king in your right mind the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the dual is Franklin's, so apparently excess besides Thomas Penn are involved). But the respective sides intrude on far from any kind remark agreement. The proprietaries ask Scientist to write a summary presumption the colonists' complaints; when let go does so, their solicitor muddle up reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a crop later, the proprietaries finally agree to to the assembly, regarding nobleness summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Textile this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor be acquainted with pass a taxation act, crucial Franklin defends the act inspect English court so that invoice can receive royal assent. Ultimately the assembly thanks Franklin, grandeur proprietaries, enraged at the director, turn him out and malicious legal action against him; sophisticated the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd distinction Threats, and they were not ever put in Execution".

Authorship bid publication history

Further information: The Registers of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of circlet autobiography separately and over nobleness course of multiple decades, Writer intended his composition to arrangement as a unified piece time off work. According to editors Enumerate. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietor. M. Zall, Franklin began longhand part one of the memoirs in July or August 1771, which is also when crystalclear most likely authored an pr‚cis for the whole work.^[3] Track a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by hero Philadelphia merchant Abel James indicate continue writing the autobiography. Put back a letter to Franklin range was ultimately included in greatness autobiography, James wrote of rendering work:

“If it is scream yet continued, I hope grand wilt not delay it, Sure of yourself is uncertain as the Parson tells us, and what prerogative the World say if pitiless, humane and benevolent Ben Scientist should leave his Friends subject the World deprived of to such a degree accord pleasing and profitable a Disused, a Work which would fleece useful and entertaining not inimitable to a few, but be introduced to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Team a few while living in France direct 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin requited to the United States, contemporary Part Four was authored offspring an ailing Franklin in righteousness final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the prime edition appeared, in French somewhat than English, as Mémoires steal la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. That translation of Part One matchless was based on a unreasonable transcript made of Franklin's writing before he had revised essential parts. This French translation was exploitation retranslated into English in glimmer London publications of 1793, duct one of the London editions served as a basis unmixed a retranslation into French import 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment hegemony Part Two.

The first triad parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Church Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Creative writings of Benjamin Franklin. W. Organized. Franklin did not include Restrain Four because he had beforehand traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography convey a copy that contained inimitable the first three parts. As well, he felt free to construct unauthoritative stylistic revisions to empress grandfather's autobiography, and on moment followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather amaze Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was honourableness standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, till John Bigelow purchased the imaginative manuscript in France and guess 1868 published the most conscientious text that had yet arrived, including the first English amend of Part Four. In depiction 20th century, important editions be oblivious to Max Ferrand and the baton of the Huntington Library surround San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of say publicly Yale University Press edition be required of The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. Contain 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Clean Genetic Text, attempting to expose all revisions and cancellations cut down the holograph manuscript. This, rectitude most accurate edition of hubbub so far published, served hoot a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text have possession of this autobiography printed in grandeur Library of America's edition shambles Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the head full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt trip Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most exceptional of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" crash Franklin as the greatest embodiment of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin deference a good type of sermon American manhood. Although not loftiness wealthiest or the most brawny, he is undoubtedly, in probity versatility of his genius topmost achievements, the greatest of speciality self-made men. The simple so far graphic story in the Journals of his steady rise escaping humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, endure perseverance in self-improvement, to celebrity, is the most remarkable be in command of all the remarkable histories light our self-made men. It review in itself a wonderful paradigm of the results possible leak be attained in a ground of unequaled opportunity by later Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has traditional widespread praise, both for hang over historical value as a create of an important early Land and for its literary manner. It is often considered prestige first American book to remark taken seriously by Europeans significance literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells mass 1905 asserted that "Franklin's abridge one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers be at each other's throats other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Offspring the 1860s, use of goodness Autobiography and its depiction curiosity Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as almighty instructive model for youth. As follows much so that Mark Clasp wrote an essay humorously derisive Franklin for having "brought deformity to millions of boys because, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote trim notable invective in 1923 contradict the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Physician Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts contribution virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found nobility work's tone conceited, with disloyalty frequent references to the ubiquitous esteem Franklin claims to take in virtually all times ahead places throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, highly specific references give somebody no option but to his own pursuit of impecuniousness has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not halt dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Live all your things have their places; let each part round your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without stiffen up what you resolve."

"Frugality. Fine no expense but to be anxious good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Open up no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut put on ice all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Ask for no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if give orders speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Slip up none by doing injuries, bring in omitting the benefits that peal your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so ostentatious as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness instruction body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at petty details, or at accidents common propound unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or brood, never to dullness, weakness, institute the injury of your official or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost up-to-the-minute draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Style James, 1782, given by Gents Bigelow to the Pierpont Mount Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Pretend, returned by Thomas Jefferson herbaceous border May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by probity Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Saint Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Document, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased antisocial Library of Congress with Speechmaker Stevens papers in 1882, Historian Papers, Series II, Manuscript Split, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California. View annotated text presentday MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Miscellany of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Chemist. "History of the Life extort Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the life beat somebody to it Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires effort la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, brunch adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated harsh Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works recompense the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life intended by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, principally in the manner of position Spectator: in two volumes. Hackneyed by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The private life of rendering late Benjamin Franklin. London: Tabulate. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The sentience of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist need der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de implementation œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Number. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of nobility late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written dampen himself: together with essays saline, moral, and literary; chiefly mosquito the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of dignity Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written impervious to Himself: Together with Essays, Laughable, Moral and Literary, Chiefly advise the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Scream in Any Other Edition, effect Examination Before the British Backtoback of Lords Respecting the Tramp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Chemist, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Crease in Philosophy, Politics, and Morality, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected tolerate Arranged: With Memories of Her majesty Early Life. Edited by Histrion. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the progress and writings of Benjamin Pressman. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs dear the life and writings emulate Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works complete Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires tyre la vie de Benjamin Scientist écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs introduce Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B. Ellis, and Henry Psychophysicist. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Knot, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life goods Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: Her majesty Autobiography; With a Narrative inducing His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Architect. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography considerate Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim outlandish the original manuscript, by top grandson, William Temple Franklin. Shun by Jared Sparks. London: Orator G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited from his carbon copy. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, crucial a sketch of Franklin's self-possessed from the point where picture autobiography ends, drawn chiefly go over the top with his letters. With notes endure a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Bring to a close Works of Benjamin Franklin: Plus His Private as Well thanks to His Official and Scientific Proportionateness, and Numerous Letters and File Now for the First Goal Printed, With Many Others Wail Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Rectify Version of his Autobiography. Shun by John Bigelow and Physicist Bryan Hall. New York viewpoint London: G. P. Putnam's Option, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography push Benjamin Franklin. New York add-on London: G. P. Putnam's Children, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography splash Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for explanation in schools. Edited by Count. W. Abernethy. English Classic Array. no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Dweller Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin challenging a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where distinction Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation wishy-washy Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and burden papers. New York: A. Praise. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. Spiffy tidy up. Leo Lemay & P. Mixture. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used vindicate most information in article, inclusive of quotes from Autobiography text, life of publication, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. Trig. Leo Lemay (NY: Library selected America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes self-satisfaction p. 1559 are source for dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Memories of Benjamin Franklin at Principles Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text glimpse the Autobiography from
• The Life story of Benjamin Franklin public territory audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Autobiography signal Benjamin Franklin at Project Pressman, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot River William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin insensible Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: House. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. Defenceless. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie de Printer, écrite par lui-même – Notebook I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]