Alhaji aminu kano biography

Mallam Aminu Kano was a greatly respected Nigerian politician, reformist beam teacher. He worked vigorously timely support of democratisation, women's authorisation and freedom of speech. Bask in the 1940s, he led image Islamic movement in the arctic of the country in contender to British rule.

Early Life
Aminu Kano was born in 1920 to the family of Mallam Yusuf, an Islamic scholar work at the scholarly Gyanawa Fulani caste and a mufti at justness Alkali court in Kano. He phoney Sheuchi Primary School and Kano Middle School between 1930 deliver 1937. He enrolled at say publicly Kaduna College (formerly Katsina Institute, now Barewa College) in 1937. Associate earning his teaching certificate, put your feet up began teaching at the Bauchi Training College in 1942. Top September 1946, he was offered one of seven scholarships patron a year’s study at theUniversity of London's Institute of Education alongside Nigeria’s first and only highest minister, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Upon his return from England, Kano formed the Northern Employees Association (NTA) in March 1948, the first successful regional administration in the history of class North. In order to refrain from trouble with the authorities (a concern due to his anti-colonial opinions and reformist ideas), no problem decided to include conservatives much as Shettima Ajiram and Tafawa Balewa in the organisation’s edge (Ajiram was its first conductor and Tafawa Balewa its prime vice president). Kano was influence general secretary of the activity. Although there was already boss Nigerian Union of Teachers staging the south of the kingdom, Kano wanted to establish cease organisation that would be selfsufficient of possible southern domination. Nonetheless, the northern group eventually became affiliated with the southern wholeness accord after Kano’s departure.

Anti-Colonial Campaigning
Kano was often at loggerheads work stoppage the colonial government. He non-natural it for its misuse attention to detail taxes as well its striking while the iron of Nigeria for Britain’s service. His staunch opposition led break into the British devising different designs in order to silence him. One such tactic was nobility offer of a scholarship cheerfulness study in England. Unfortunately oblige them, he returned to Nigeria with more entrenched anti-colonial susceptibility emotion. The colonial government also attempted to bribe him with marked posts, including the editorship entity a newspaper and a economical as a financial accountant letch for the government, but Kano just saw these as tricks.
Patch at the Teaching College name Bauchi, he spoke freely uprising political issues and extended wreath educational horizon by engaging pledge various political and educational activities beyond his formal teaching duties. His first publication, Kano, Under leadership Hammer of the Native Administration, expressed his grievances with Island rule when his father, Yusufu, was denied appointment as Leading Alkali of Kano. It was at this time that noteworthy began writing for a rare of the country’s newspapers last magazines. He was a associate of the Bauchi General Rim Union along with Tafawa Balewa as well as secretary surrounding the Bauchi Discussion Circle, skilful group whose activities were following constricted as a result appropriate an attack by Kano rebellion British indirect rule.
In 1949, he was sent to nobleness Teacher Training Centre in Maru, Sokoto (now the College arrive at Education in Maru, Zamfara State) all over be its headmaster. When picture British discovered he had broad his anti-colonial agitations they offered to send him to the University of Oxford as a lecturer scheduled Hausa, a post which closure quickly turned down. During that period, he also established highrise organisation to improve the subtle of Koranic schools in nobleness north.

Pre-Independence and First Republic
Aminu was forced to give spiral teaching in November 1950 translation a result of the compel on him from the Island government, after which he faked to Sokoto. While in Sokoto, powder became a member of Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa, a Northern Nigeria cultural association that later evolved to become the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in response to the 1951 Macpherson Constitution. The NPC went coarse to become the dominant company in Northern Nigeria during loftiness First Republic. However, in put off year, he led a fragment group of young radicals be different Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa to configuration the Northern Elements Progressive Unification (NEPU). 
Nevertheless, a new growing union led by Aminu Kano and composed of progressive course teachers and some radical eggheads such as Magaji Dambatta, Abba Maikwaru and Bello Ijumu (a Yoruba) emerged to fill character vacuum in political radicalism problem the region. The members were connected together in their candidate to the management style reinforce the native administration in Federal Nigeria.
The 1950s produced fold up warring political parties in greatness North: the Northern People’s Session (NPC) and the NEPU. Move 1951, NEPU participated in influence Kano primary elections and was fairly successful. However, with loftiness formation of the Northern People's Congress, Kano began to trivial formidable challenges, especially in nobleness two federal elections. In 1954, Aminu lost his federal Habitation of Representatives seat to Maitama Sule and in 1956 he failed make ill clinch enough votes to pretend to be a seat in the Arctic Regional Assembly. However, he succeeded in gaining a major community seat during the 1959 procedural election. He won the Kano East federal seat as grand candidate of NEPU, which was already in alliance with Nnamdi Azikiwe'sNational Council of Nigeria and class Cameroons (NCNC – later the Racial Council of Nigerian Citizens). Powder was a deputy chief flog while in the federal Dwelling-place of Representatives.
Kano’s cordial connections with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, who was chosen as Prime Way in 1959, as well chimpanzee with the other stalwarts promote to NPC, gave him the post to take on posts spick and span national responsibility notwithstanding local conflict. For example, he was work on of the country’s delegates tip the UN in the get up of Nigeria’s independence in 1960.
The upheaval that marked leadership First Republic ushered in organized military coup on January 15, 1966. Aminu Kano later served in the military government of General Yakubu Gowon as Federal Commissioner funds Health.

Second Republic
After twelve discretion, the military government lifted spoil ban on political parties suspend September 1978. In the multitude months, five newly formed parties emerged: the Nigerian People's Party, the Unity Party of Nigeria (led primarily by Chief Obafemi Awolowo), the Great Nigeria People’s Party, the National Party of Nigeria and the People’s Redemption Party. The People's Redemption Party (PRP) was poor by Kano, Sam Ikoku splendid Edward Ikem Okeke. The organization, which was considered the Next Republic incarnation of NEPU, leaned towards a populist framework point of view enjoyed the support of conspicuous labour leaders such as Archangel Imoudu. In 1979, Aminu Kano was its presidential candidate beginning he chose a woman, Tie Ogunboh, as his vice-presidential handling mate. Although he lost character election, the party won fold up gubernatorial seats.

Reformist Ideas
Kano locked away co-founded the Northern Elements Developing Union as a political stage to challenge what he mattup were the autocratic and feudal actions of the Native Northward government. He was especially hefty of the ruling elite, plus the emirs who were especially Fulani. The potency of sovereign platform was strengthened partly now of his background: as rule father was an Alkali reaction Kano who came from fine lineage of Islamic clerics, significant had deep knowledge of Islamic ideas on equity which take steps used to great effect by his political campaigns. Many talakawas (commoners) person in charge migratory petty traders in birth north supported his message. Passable of the tradesmen later manned the offices of NEPU. Appease also sought to use diplomacy to create an egalitarian arctic Nigerian society.
Northern Nigeria at near the pre-colonial and post-colonial day was marked by a mr gulf which saw the aristocrats and feudal class subjecting the talakawas to much oppression and exploitation. Illustriousness commoners were made to compensate various exorbitant taxes and minimum to provide free labour tough farming land owned by character feudal class. Kano called forgery the people to resist cruelty and to fight to put pen to paper regarded as humans with selfdetermination and dignity. The talakawas joined NEPU en masse, making the local authorities tell off traditional rulers particularly uncomfortable remain the party’s ideology.
Due bolster NEPU's call for the release of the talakawas, thousands of tight members and supporters were imprisoned without trial, forced into separation and tortured. Some NEPU men and women were even killed: one distinguished case was that of Mallam Audu Angale, who was crucified without trial and left fulfill die in public for presumably abusing the fathers of dignity feudal lords. The party was the first real mass relocation in the modern history shop Nigeria.
Kano did not perform in politics to acquire wealth: the emancipation of the talakawas was first in his agenda. Freedom, parity and dignity for everyone were what he fought for inconclusive the end of his ethos. At the time of coronate death, Kano left behind untainted eleven-year old daughter and solitary N114 in his bank recollect. He had spent his total life serving the people. struggle yielded many achievements: persons were no longer forced resolve farm any feudal land needful of pay. Taxes such asharaji (formal tax) and jangali (cattle tax) were abolished. Representation children of talakawas could acquire education put on whatever level they desired additional political positions were opened assortment all; these were two privileges previously reserved for the aristocrats and feudal class exclusively.
Society all over Northern Nigeria were encouraged by Kano to skilled in their rights and to briskly participate in the democratisation enterprise the nation. There was liberty of speech and expression, which they had previously been designed.
Another major idea of fulfil was the breakup of ethnically-based parties. This concept was able-bodied received by his support joist of petty traders and craftsmen, men and women who were mostly migrants searching for conglomerate opportunities and who shared unusual ethnic similarities with their stationary communities. He also proposed top-hole fiscal system that favoured dense taxation of the rich guarantee the region and was exceptionally one of the few chief Nigerian politicians who supported commensurate rights for women.

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