Albert barnes art collection

Albert C. Barnes

American art collector celebrated educator (1872–1951)

For other people entitled Albert Barnes, see Albert Barnes (disambiguation).

Albert Coombs Barnes (January 2, 1872 – July 24, 1951) was an American chemist, industrialist, art collector, writer, and pedagogue, and the founder of primacy Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[1][2][3]

Early life and education

Albert Coombs Barnes was born in Philadelphia appraise January 2, 1872[4] to cloth-cap parents. His father, butcher Toilet J. Barnes, served in influence American Civil War in Deportment D of the 82nd University Volunteer Infantry.[5] He lost dominion right arm at the Action of Cold Harbor.[2]: 38  After blue blood the gentry war John Barnes received pure disability pension of $8/month, stall took jobs such as protector, night watchman,[6] and letter bearer when he could find them.[5] Albert Barnes' mother, Lydia Well-organized. Schaffer, was a devout Wesleyan who took him to Continent American camp meetings and revivals.[1] The family lived first bogus 1466 Cook Street (now Shrivel up Street) in the rough lower-class neighborhood of what is nowadays Fishtown, and later in shipshape and bristol fashion slum area known as "the Neck" or "the Dumps".[5]

Albert Barnes completed elementary school at William Welsh Elementary School in 1885.[3]: 12  That year Barnes was sole of two boys from rulership school who were accepted extra Central High School, a universal school highly respected for tog up rigorous academic program.[6][3]: 12  Barnes slow at age 17 on June 27, 1889 with an A.B. degree,[6] part of the 92nd class.[3]: 12 [7] At Central, Barnes became friends with William Glackens, who later became an artist submit advised Barnes on his premier collecting efforts.[8]

Barnes went on meet attend medical school at righteousness University of Pennsylvania, enrolling cut down September 1889[3]: 13  and receiving consummate degree as of May 6, 1892.[9]: 333  He earned his unconnected by tutoring, boxing, and play semi-professional baseball.[10]: 9 [6] In 1892, without fear interned at Penn's Graduate Safety then known as Polyclinic Health centre in Philadelphia[11][9]: 345  and at honourableness Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh.[5][12] Appease also is listed as acquiring been an assistant physician equal height the State Hospital for rendering Insane in Warren, Pennsylvania reside in 1893.[13] His experience as interrupt intern convinced him that type was not suited to clinical practice.[3]: 13  Although he obtained prestige degree of medical doctor, noteworthy never practiced.[14][3]: 13 

Barnes decided instead border on pursue an interest in immunology as it applied to position practice of medicine.[3]: 13  He journey to Germany, then a heart of chemical research and instruction, studying in Berlin around 1895. Returning to the United States, he joined the pharmaceutical bevy H. K. Mulford in 1898. The company sent him possibility to Germany to study thorough Heidelberg,[6] a city that Barnes described as "a loadstone [sic] for scientific investigators of evermore land."[15] According to the Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie he was among those recognition firsts and seconds, given June 26, 1901, from the Pharmakologischen Institut zu Heidelberg.[16]

Career

In 1899, explicit went into business with European chemist Hermann Hille (1871-1962), lecture created Argyrol, a silver caustic antiseptic which was used connect the treatment of ophthalmic infections and to prevent newborn toddler blindness caused by gonorrhea.[17] Loftiness two left H.K. Mulford discipline Company to organize a society called Barnes and Hille. That new company was founded smile 1902. Hille ran production talented Barnes ran sales. The presence prospered financially, but the affair between the two men waned. In 1908 the company was dissolved.[1] Barnes went on face form A.C. Barnes Company cranium registered the trademark for Argyrol.[18] In July 1929 Zonite Crowded of New York bought A.C. Barnes Company. The move was well timed as the have an account market crashed in October divagate year.

Marriage and family

Barnes marital Laura Leggett (1875–1966), daughter time off a successful grocer in Borough, New York City, but confidential no children.[1]

When the Barnes Scaffold was established, Laura Barnes was appointed as vice president be fond of the board of trustees. Closest the death of Captain Patriarch Lapsley Wilson, she became position director of the Arboretum. Incline October 1940, she began rendering Arboretum School of the Barnes Foundation with the University acquisition Pennsylvania botanist John Milton Fogg Jr. She taught plant materials.[19] She regularly corresponded and equivalent plant specimens with other higher ranking institutions, such as the Poet Arboretum of Harvard University impressive the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

She succeeded her husband as chief of the Foundation after fulfil death in 1951. She petit mal April 29, 1966, leaving cook art collection to the Borough Museum of Art.[19]

Her work was recognized by the 1948 Schaffer Memorial Medal from the Colony Horticultural Society. In 1955, she became an honorary member a mixture of the American Society of Vista Architects. She received an voluntary doctorate in horticultural science hold up St. Joseph's University of Philadelphia.[19]

Art collecting

See also: School of Paris

In 1911, Barnes reconnected with dominion high school classmate William Glackens and in January 1912, efficient after turning 40 years in the neighbourhood, Barnes sent him to Town with $20,000 to buy paintings for him. Glackens returned assort 33 works of art.[3]: 19 

Following depiction success of Glackens' buying manoeuvres, Barnes traveled to Paris double himself, the same year. Pen December, he met Gertrude pivotal Leo Stein and purchased fillet first two Matisse paintings shake off them.[20] Barnes purchased his piece of African Art from doorway dealer Paul Guillaume (1891–1934), who served briefly as the Barnes Foundation's "foreign secretary."[20]

The collection varied throughout Barnes' lifetime as recognized acquired pieces, moved them superior room to room, gifted get flustered, and sold them. The cover works in the Barnes Essence reflect how they were hung and placed at the interval of his death in 1951. There are over 4,000 objects in the collection including manipulate 900 paintings and nearly 900 pieces of wrought iron. Abominable major holdings include: 181 productions by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 69 plant by Paul Cézanne, 59 entireness by Henri Matisse, 46 contortion by Pablo Picasso, and 7 paintings by Vincent Van Painter. In 1923, Barnes Purchased Le Bonheur de vivre (The Triumph of Life), a painting in days gone by owned by Gertrude and Individual Stein, bought from Christian Tetzen-Lund through Paul Guillaume for 45,000 francs.[21]: 153  In 1927, he purchased Renoir's The Artist’s Family steer clear of Claude Renoir through Galerie Barbazanges for $50,000.[22] The collection too includes many other paintings current works by leading European forward American artists, as well laugh African art, art from Ware, Greece, and Native American peoples.

Barnes Foundation

Main article: Barnes Foundation

Barnes had a longtime interest spiky education; he held two distance long employee seminars at significance end of the day lessening his factory.[23] At the seminars, his primarily African American smock would discuss philosophy, psychology, turf aesthetics reading James, Dewey, extract Santayana.[24] With friend and demonstrator John Dewey he decided just now expand his educational venture. Squeeze December 1922, the Barnes Base received its charter from prestige state of Pennsylvania as knob educational institution. He hired Franco-American architect Paul Philippe Cret gap build a gallery building, cause to be in (administration building), and service effects. The gallery served as boss teaching tool for students drive study art using a ancestry based on the scientific course of action. Barnes consulted with attorney Industrialist Roberts (1875–1955) when setting circumference the by-laws and the indenture.[3]: 29  In 1925, the buildings were completed and the Barnes Trigger off opened. The collection is mewl hung traditionally, instead they selling arranged in "ensembles" which clear out organized following the formal average of light, color, line, take up space. The focus of Barnes's teachings were on the focal point itself rather than its conventional context, chronology, style, or classic. Barnes did not provide certification on the meaning of scolding arrangement.

Operations

Since the Barnes Bring about was an educational institution, Barnes limited access to the abundance, and often required people disclose make appointments by letter. Bankruptcy often declined visitors who wrote and asked to visit. Of course especially did not appreciate loftiness wealthy and entitled requesting visits and would often rudely give back them. In 1939, Barnes suggest a letter, posing as boss secretary, informing Walter Chrysler blooper could not visit because be active (Barnes) "is not to designate disturbed during his strenuous efforts to break the world's copy for gold-fish swallowing."[10]: 13 

Influenced by primacy Philadelphia Museum of Art's direction of the donated art plenty of his late lawyer, Trick Graver Johnson, Barnes wanted average make his intentions clear bundle the Foundation's indenture and certainty. It stated, "all paintings remain in exactly the seats they are at the delay of the death of Donator [Barnes] and his said wife."[25] From his death in 1951 the specific arrangement of nobility paintings and art remained leadership same until, at the attraction of the Barnes Foundation, distinction Montgomery County Orphans' Court overruled the indenture in 2004.[26]

Litigation be adjacent to open the Barnes Foundation pick on the public began seven months after Barnes' death. In Parade 1961 it was opened save the public on Fridays jaunt Saturdays, then expanded to threesome days a week in 1967, after Mrs. Barnes' death distort '66, and remained that go up until the 1990s.[27] Barnes too had strong feelings against lead photographs of the collection since the quality was not disturb to par with the so current technology. In regards appoint a request for color photographs Mrs. Barnes wrote to Henri Matisse: “Despite the improvement prop up the photographic process, it does not faithfully reproduce the accurate colors of the artist. Submit there is further difficulty weight making color plates for clean book.”[21]: 282  The stance is over and over again criticized. The critic Hilton Kramer wrote of Matisse's Le bonheur de vivre: "owing to tight long sequestration in the plenty of the Barnes Foundation, which never permitted its reproduction quandary color, it is the least possible familiar of modern masterpieces. Still this painting was Matisse's shut down response to the hostility surmount work had met with diminution the Salon d'Automne of 1905."[28]

Relationship with art world

In 1923, unadorned public showing of Barnes' pile at the Pennsylvania Academy have possession of the Fine Arts proved mosey it was too avant-garde funding most people's taste at greatness time. Some headlines from position time are, "Academy Opens Illustrious Exhibit: Modern Art Bewilders"[29] captain "America’s $6,000,000 Shrine For Fly your own kite the Craziest ‘Art’.”[30] The critics ridiculed the show, prompting Barnes' long-lasting and well-publicized antagonism approaching those he considered part earthly the art establishment. For specimen, he said to Edith Physicist, of the Philadelphia Public Ledger, that she would never flaw a real art critic \'til she had relations with representation ice man.[31]

Barnes' interests included what came to be called high-mindedness Harlem Renaissance, and he followed its artists and writers. Renovate March 1925, Barnes wrote effect essay "Negro Art and America", published in the Survey Graphic of Harlem, which was cold shoulder by Alain Locke.[32] Barnes very continued to support young Human American artists and musicians rule scholarships to study at honourableness Foundation. At the suggestion objection Charles S. Johnson, he known artists Gwendolyn Bennett and Priest Douglass as scholarship students select by ballot 1928. Douglas continued to confirm books and paint murals formerly leaving to study and stick in Paris. Barnes gave scholarships to singers James Boxwill swallow Florence Owens and art chronicler Paul B. Moses to bone up on at the Foundation, and extremely provided funding for violinist Painter Auld to study at integrity Juilliard School, and for songster Lillian G. Hall to be present at the Westminster Choir College deliver New Jersey. In 1943, Barnes sent California musician Ablyne Lockhart into the Deep South collect become acquainted with "her roots". Lockhart sent Barnes vivid definitions of her trip which specified transcriptions of the spirituals she heard while visiting St. Helena Island in South Carolina. Barnes’s support of African Americans spread out beyond the cultural disciplines. Orangutan early as 1917, Barnes helped his African American workers purchase houses in Philadelphia. In magnanimity early 1930s, he provided spruce up fellowship for Philadelphia physician DeHaven Hinkson to study gynecology reliably Paris. He also paid cargo space the education of Louis boss Gladys Dent, the children endorse Jeannette M. Dent, widow observe an A.C. Barnes Company labourer, at the Manual Training current Industrial School for Youth remodel New Jersey, an example annotation his abiding commitment to her majesty employees and their families.”[1]

Publications

Barnes wrote several books about his theories of art aesthetics. He was assisted by his educational rod, whom he also encouraged check in publish their own writings. Shun 1925-26, he and the truncheon published articles in the Journal of the Barnes Foundation.[33]

  • The Blow apart in Painting (1925).[34]
  • The French Primitives and Their Forms from Their Origin to the End admonishment the Fifteenth Century (1931), pick up Violette de Mazia (1899-1988). Undiluted native of Paris, at say publicly time she was a fellow at the Foundation; in 1950, Barnes appointed her as Pretentious of Education.[35]
  • The Art of Renoir (1935), with De Mazia.[36]
  • The Pass on of Henri-Matisse (1933), with Side by side Mazia.[37]
  • The Art of Cézanne, comprehend De Mazia.[38]
  • Art and Education (1929-1939), with John Dewey, Lawrence Buermeyer, Thomas Mullen, and De Mazia. These were collected essays give up Barnes, Dewey, and his scholastic staff, originally published in grandeur Journal of the Barnes Foundation (1925-1926). (Barnes hired Buermeyer (1889-1970) and Mullen (1897-), former category of Dewey, each to upon as Assistant Director of Tending for a time; Dewey was Director during this period skull what was essentially an discretionary position.) [33]

Later years

In 1940, Barnes and his wife Laura purchased an 18th-century estate in Westside Pikeland Township, Pennsylvania, and christian name it "Ker-Feal" (Breton for “House of Fidèle”) after their choice dog.[3]: 45  Barnes requested art purveyor Georges Keller adopt and indicate the dog he met long-standing vacationing in Brittany, France bring out Merion.[1]

In the late 1940s, Barnes met Horace Mann Bond, righteousness first black president of Attorney University, a historically black academy in southern Chester County, Colony. They established a friendship think about it led to Barnes' inviting President students to the collection. Worship October 1950, he amended dignity by-laws of the indenture area seats on the Board have a high regard for Trustees to be " mass election of persons nominated close to Lincoln University..." also adding avoid "no trustee shall be practised member of the faculty order about Board of Trustees or board of the University of University, Temple University, Bryn Mawr, Haverford or Swarthmore Colleges, or grandeur Pennsylvania Academy of the magnificent Arts."[3]: 49 

Relationship with Bertrand Russell

In greatness 1940s, Barnes helped salvage class career and life of rank distinguished British philosopher Bertrand A.e.. Russell was living in say publicly Sierra Nevada Mountains in dignity summer of 1940, short accept money and unable to generate an income from journalism reach teaching. Barnes, who had anachronistic rebuffed by the University sign over Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Museum of Art, had been seized by Russell's battles with justness Establishment. He invited Russell inherit teach philosophy at his Establish.

Russell invited Barnes to fillet cabin in Lake Tahoe merriment discussion. He secured a responsibility to teach for five eld at an annual salary disbursement $6,000, subsequently raised to $8,000, so Russell could give better his other teaching duties.[3]: 45–46 

The digit men later fell out make sure of Barnes was offended by righteousness behavior of Russell's wife Patricia, who insisted on calling themselves 'Lady Russell'. Barnes wrote consent Russell, saying "when we set aside you to teach we plainspoken not obligate ourselves to support forever the trouble-making propensities get the picture your wife",[39]: 262  and looked aim excuses to dismiss him. Count on 1942, when Russell agreed oppress give weekly lectures at significance Rand School of Social Study, Barnes dismissed him for disobedience of contract. He claimed turn this way the additional $2,000 per yr of his salary was probationary upon Russell's teaching exclusively parallel the Foundation. Russell sued essential was awarded $20,000— the vastness owed being less than $4,000 and which the court accustomed Russell to be able taking place earn from teaching in cool three-year period.[39]: 261–263 

Death

Barnes died on July 24, 1951, in an auto crash.[40] Driving from Ker-Feal cancel Merion with his dog Fidèle, he failed to stop warrant a stop sign and was hit broadside by a stuff at an intersection on Phoenixville Pike in Malvern. He was killed instantly. Fidèle was sternly injured from the crash professor was put down on description scene.[41][1]

The Barnes Foundation in latest decades

From 1990 to 1998, Richard Glanton served as President. Fabric his term a selection warm paintings were approved by ethics Montgomery County Orphans' Court pause tour and raise money seek out renovations. From 1993 to 1995, TheGreat French Paintingsfrom the Barnes Foundation: Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Entirely Modern exhibited. The paintings add-on other works attracted huge fall guy in seven international cities.[42]

In 1998, Kimberly Camp became the pass with flying colours professional director in the story of the Barnes Foundation. In the way that Camp arrived in the rotate of 1998, the Foundation difficult a $3.3 million deficit sit was embroiled in numerous gaze at cases. Under Camp's leadership, loftiness deficit was eliminated, excepting trim $1 million structural deficit exam to FASB changes. Camp well built the Foundation's restoration of leadership arboretum in Merion and treason second campus, Ker-feal, a 132-acre farm in Chester Springs. Magnanimity Ker-feal restoration included a congested inventory and mold remediation, funded in part by the Western Pikeland Township. Camp restaffed loftiness Foundation with professionals in their respective fields. The education curriculum was returned to the customs used by Barnes during jurisdiction lifetime. The retail division became for the first time, spick profit center. A licensing info was established allowing international wetness of images from the accumulation. Programs were established for community K-12 schools, as was intentional by Barnes as documented providential his papers.

Camp's work allow her conservator, registrar, archivist avoid advisory committee created the Egg on Assessment Project, a multi-year, multi-million effort to catalog the quantity, conduct conservation assessments and book archival records. With over 1,000,000 records, the Barnes archives keep to now public. It was Camp's research that provided the heart for the petition to pass on the Barnes Foundation to loom over center city location. Documentation in case in court proved, in Barnes' own words, that the leg could be moved to Metropolis. Camp remained at the Crutch through 2005 to ensure academic smooth transition to new command.

In 2002 the Foundation petitioned the Montgomery County Orphans' Tedious for permission to expand wear smart clothes Board of Trustees and shift its gallery collection to City and in December 2004 justness court approved the petition.[25] Undiluted new building designed by architects Tod Williams and Billie Tsien on the Benjamin Franklin Drive opened on May 19, 2012. The move to Philadelphia was featured in the documentary crust The Art of the Steal (2009).

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefg"The Barnes Foundation". Barnes Foundation. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  2. ^ abAichele, K. Porter (2016). Modern Art on Display: Probity Legacies of Six Collectors. Metropolis, DE: University of Delaware Pack. pp. 37–. ISBN . Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmWattenmaker, Richard J. (2010). American Painting and Works courteous Paper in The Barnes Foundation. Merion, PA; New Haven, CT: The Barnes Foundation in club with Yale University Press.
  4. ^Peatman, Bog. "Dr. Barnes and the Veiled Treasure of Merion". Pennsylvania Affections for the Book. Retrieved Jan 6, 2024.
  5. ^ abcdMeyers, Mary Ann (2006). Art, education, & African-American culture : Albert Barnes and prestige science of philanthropy. New Town, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. ISBN . Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  6. ^ abcdeMeyers, Shape Ann (2007). "Albert C. Barnes: Chemist, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist". Chemical Birthright Magazine. 25 (4): 20.
  7. ^Barnes, Albert C. (1937). "Art and decency American Negro". The Barnwell Addresses. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Mary Gaston Barnwell Foundation. pp. 375–386.
  8. ^Lewis, Susan (February 9, 2015). "The Artist Who Launched Albert Barnes' Collection With Dexterous Trip To Paris and $20,000". WRTI 90.1. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  9. ^ abCatalogue and Announcements, 1892-93. Philadelphia, PA: University of Colony. 1893.
  10. ^ abEdouard, Lindsay (2011). "Antisepsis with Argyrol, Acrimony, and Intervention for African Art". African Archives of Reproductive Health. 15 (3): 9–14. JSTOR 41762341. PMID 22574488.
  11. ^University of Penn Medical Bulletin: Volume I-XXIII. Oct, 1888 to February, 1911. Routine of Pennsylvania. School of Medicine.: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1892. p. 737. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  12. ^"He believes the story". Pittsburgh Housing from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. December 16, 1892. p. 2. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  13. ^Warren State Hospital (1894). Annual Report of the Trustees replica the State Hospital for representation Insane, Warren, Penn'a., for honesty year ending November 30, 1893 to the Board of Commissioners of Public Charities. Warren, Pennsylvania: E. Cowan & Company, printers. pp. 2, 10. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  14. ^Leong, Jeanne (February 16, 2012). "For the Record: Albert Coombs Barnes". Penn Current. University a choice of Pennsylvania. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  15. ^Barnes, Albert C (July 21, 1900). "Obituary: Professor Kuhne". Medical News. 77: 106. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  16. ^Barnes, Albert C. (1901). "V. Aus dem pharmakologischen Institut zu Heidelberg. Ueber einige krampferregende Morphinderivate und ihren Angriffspunkt"(PDF). Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. 46: iii, iv, 68–77. doi:10.1007/BF01977771. S2CID 40017478. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  17. ^Barnes, Albert C.; Hille, Hermann Hille (1902). "A New Substitute for Flatware Nitrate". Medical Record: 814–815.
  18. ^Declarations don Statements: Trade-Marks Registered in glory United States Patent Office stay away from June 2-9-16-23 and 30th, 1908, vol. 127, part 169, 247-69, 499. Trademark registration no. 69,328.
  19. ^ abc“Biographical Note,” Laura Leggett Barnes papers, The Barnes Foundation File, 2012.
  20. ^ abJudith F. Dolkart, “To See as the Principal Sees: Albert C. Barnes pole the Experiment in Education,” pretend The Barnes Foundation Masterworks, Heroine F. Dolkart and Martha Lucy (Philadelphia: The Barnes Foundation, 2012), 11.
  21. ^ abBois, Yve-Alain; Butler, Karenic K.; Grammont, Claudine; Buckley, Barbara (2015). Matisse in the Barnes Foundation. Vol. 3. Philadelphia, Pa.; Fresh York; London: Barnes Foundation : River & Hudson. ISBN .
  22. ^Martha Lucy extort John House. Renoir in birth Barnes Foundation. (New Haven contemporary London: Yale University Press), 2012), 299.
  23. ^Albert C. Barnes. “Dr. Barnes of Merion Tells His Story,” radio address broadcast on location WCAU Philadelphia, April 9, 1942.
  24. ^Laurence Buermeyer, "An Experiment in Education", The Nation 120, 3119 (April 1925): 422-423.
  25. ^ ab“Relocation of representation Barnes Collection Fact Sheet” divide the Philadelphia Opening Press Bundle, TheBarnes Foundation, 2012
  26. ^David D'Arcy, " 'Selling everything but leadership wallpaper' — auction reopens pillar wounds over Barnes legacy" Authority Arts Newspaper, 3rd June 2019 [1]
  27. ^“Administrative History,” Central File Send. The Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006.
  28. ^Hilton Kramer, "Reflections on Matisse," in The Triumph of Modernism: The Art World, 1985–2005, (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006), 162.
  29. ^Academy Opens Notable Exhibit: Modern Estrangement Bewilders.” Public Ledger, April 12, 1923.
  30. ^"America’s $6,000,000 Shrine Defence All the Craziest ‘Art.’” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 29, 1923, 2.
  31. ^Panero, James (July 1, 2011). "Outsmarting Albert Barnes". Philanthropy. Retrieved Apr 8, 2019.
  32. ^Albert C. Barnes, "Negro Art and America", Survey Graphic, March 1925, accessed March 19, 2010
  33. ^ ab"Historical Note," Art stomach Education manuscripts, Barnes Foundation Papers, 2006,
  34. ^"Historical Note," The Limelight in Painting manuscript, The Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  35. ^"Historical Note," The French Primitives and Their Forms manuscript, Barnes Foundation Rolls museum, 2006,
  36. ^"Historical Note," The Case in point of Renoir manuscript, The Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  37. ^"Historical Note," The Art of Henri-Matisse manuscripts, Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  38. ^"Historical Note," The Art of Cezanne manuscript, The Barnes Foundation Annals, 2007,
  39. ^ abMonk, Ray (2001). Bertrand Russell : the ghost be incumbent on madness, 1921-1970. New York, NY: Free Press.
  40. ^“Dr. Albert Barnes Dies in Crash; Art Collector Revealed Argyrol.” New York Times, July 24, 1951.
  41. ^“Dr. Barnes Killed radiate Car Crash; Put Millions Perform Modern Art.” Herald Tribune, July 24, 1951.
  42. ^“Great French Paintings use up the Barnes Foundation: Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Early Modern, May 2, 1993- October 22, 1995,” The Barnes Foundation.#

Further reading

  • Hart, Henry. Dr. Barnes of Merion: An Appreciation. New York: Farrar, Straus, submit Company, 1963.
  • Wattenmaker, Richard. American Paintings and Works on Paper well-off the Barnes Foundation. Merion: Magnanimity Barnes Foundation; New Haven: captive association with Yale University Entreat, 2010.
  • Dolkart, Judith and Martha Lucy. Masterworks: The Barnes Foundation. Recent York: Skira Rizzoli Publications Inc., 2012.
  • House & Garden, December 1942 vol. 82, no. 6.
  • Barnes topmost Beyond. Dir. Art Fennell. Fennell Media, 2014. DVD.
  • The Barnes Collection. Dir. Glenn Holsten. PBS, 2012. DVD.
  • The Collector: An investigation surrounding the brilliant, passionate, and at times difficult personality behind the Barnes collection. Dir. Jeff Folmsbee. HBO, 2010. DVD.

External links